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Human Structure and Function 3 > Spine, Joints, Limbs > Flashcards

Spine, Joints, Limbs Flashcards

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1
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

How many spinal curves are there?

A

4

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2
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

What are the spinal curves, from the top down?

A

Cervival curviture

Thoracic curviture

Lumber curviture

Pelvic curviture

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3
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

What are the types of vertebrae?

A

Carvical vertebrae

Thoracic vertebrae

Lumber vertebrae

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4
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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5
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

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6
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

How many lumber vertebrae are there?

A

5

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7
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

What makes up the thoracic cage?

A

Sternum

Vertebrae

Costal cartilages

Ribs

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8
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

How many ribs are there?

A

12

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9
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

How many real ribs are there?

A

7

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10
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Why are the false ribs called the false ribs

A

Because the first 3 join to the 7th rib rather than the sternum

The last two are the floating ribs and don’t join to anything

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11
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

What connects the ribs to the sternum?

A

Costal cartilage

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12
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Typical structure of a vertebrae

A
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13
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Cervical vertebrae function

A

Support skull

Stabalise relative positions of brain and spinal cord

Allow controlled head movement

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14
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Thoracic vertebrae function

A

Support weight of head, neck upper limbs and chest

Articulate with ribs to allow changes in volume of thoracic cage

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15
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Function of lumber vertebrae

A

Support weight of head, neck, upper limbs and trunk

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16
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Intervertebal discs

A

Sits between vertebrae

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17
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Components of the intervertebal discs

A

Anulus fibrosus

Nucleus pulposus

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18
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Anulus fibrosus

A

Part of intervertebal discs

Outer layer of fibrocartilage

Connects vertebral bodies in a fibrocartilaginous joint

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19
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Nucleus pulposus

A

Components of intervertebla discs

80-90% water

Acts as a shock absorber

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20
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

Facet joints

A

Superior articular facets of one vertebrae joins the inferior facets of the one above

Synovial gliding joint

Surrounded by joint capsule and small capsular ligaments

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21
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

What parts of the body does the cervical nerve distribution cover?

A

Neck

Arms

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22
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

What parts of the body does the thoracic nerve distribution cover?

A

The trunk area

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23
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

What parts of the body does the lumber nerve distribution cover?

A

Waist down

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24
Q

Spine, joints and limbs

What attaches to the vertebrae to help give extra support and strength to the spine?

A

Strong ligaments

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25
# Spine, joints and limbs What use are the strong ligaments that attach to the vertebrae?
Give extra support and strength tp the spine
26
# Spine, joints and limbs Spinal canal
The space in the vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes
27
# Spine, joints and limbs What does the meninges divide the spinal canal into?
Epidural space Subarachnoid space
28
# Spine, joints and limbs Epidural space
Between the dura mater and the sides of the vertebral canal
29
# Spine, joints and limbs What things are contained in the epidural space?
Loose fatty tissue The internal vertebral venous plexuses Lymphatics Spinal nerve roots
30
# Spine, joints and limbs The subarachnoid space
Between pai mater and the arachnoic membrane in spinal canal Filled with cerebrospinal fluid
31
# Spine, joints and limbs What things are contained in the subarachnoid space?
32
# Spine, joints and limbs Prolapsed disk
When the nucleus of the disk herniates Usually occurs in cervical or lumber region Can put pressure on spinal nerve causing severe lower back pain
33
# Spine, joints and limbs Cervical spondylosis
Degenerative osteoarthiritis of the joints between the centre of the spinal vertebrae and/or neural foramina
34
# Spine, joints and limbs Tuberculosis Spondylitis
Form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that affects the spine Effects sometimes described as being sort of arthritis for the vertebrae Begins in thoracic section of spine
35
# Spine, joints and limbs Spina bifida
Birth defect Involves the incomplete development of the spinal cord or it's coverings
36
# Spine, joints and limbs How many joints in the skull?
86
37
# Spine, joints and limbs How many joints in the throat?
6
38
# Spine, joints and limbs How many joints are there in the thorax
66
39
# Spine, joints and limbs How many joints are there in the spine and pelvis joints?
76
40
# Spine, joints and limbs How many joints are there in the upper limbs?
32 on each side **64** in total
41
# Spine, joints and limbs How many joints are there in the lower limbs?
31 in each **62** in total
42
# Spine, joints and limbs Firbous joints
Immovable Connect bones
43
# Spine, joints and limbs Example of fibrous joints
Skull Pelvis
44
# Spine, joints and limbs Cartilaginous joints
Slightly moveable Bones attached to cartilage A little movement
45
# Spine, joints and limbs Examples of cartilagenous joints
Spine Ribs
46
# Spine, joints and limbs Synovial joints
Freely moveable Cavitites between bones are filled with synovial fluid
47
# Spine, joints and limbs Role of synovial fluid
Lubricates and protects the bones in synavial joints
48
# Spine, joints and limbs What influences joint stability?
Articular surfaces Ligaments Muscle tone
49
# Spine, joints and limbs How does articular surfaces aid joint stability?
Plays minor role Some deep sockets or grooves aid stability
50
# Spine, joints and limbs How do ligaments aid joint stability?
The more ligaments, the stronger the joint
51
# Spine, joints and limbs How far can ligaments stretch before they tear?
6%
52
# Spine, joints and limbs How does muscle tone aid stability in joints?
Provide a constant, low level contractile force Keeps tension on the ligaments Especially important at shoulders, knees and arches of foot
53
# Spine, joints and limbs Types of synovial joints
Ball and socket Hinge Pivot Gliding (plain) Saddle Condyloid
54
# Spine, joints and limbs Which synovial joint provides the greatest range of movement?
Ball and socket joint
55
# Spine, joints and limbs What holds the ball and socket joint together?
Ligaments and tendons
56
# Spine, joints and limbs Hinge joints
Made by joining two bone ends which have smooth surfaces Allows flexion and extension Only a small amount of rotation allowed
57
# Spine, joints and limbs Where would you find a pivot joint?
Top of the spinal column, between axis and atlas bones of the neck
58
# Spine, joints and limbs Pivot joint
Only allows rotation One bone acts as a "peg" which fits into the "ring" formed by the other bone
59
# Spine, joints and limbs Gliding joints
Allow flexion and extension through a slight gliding motion between the ends of small bones Linked by strong ligaments to stop them moving too far
60
# Spine, joints and limbs Saddle joints
Occur where concave and convex surfaces meet Allows movement forwards, backwards and right to left
61
# Spine, joints and limbs Condyloid joints
Convex shape of one joint fits in the concave shape of another joint Allows movement in all directions
62
# Spine, joints and limbs Example of a saddle joint
The thumb
63
# Spine, joints and limbs Example of condyloid joint
The wrist
64

Human Structure and Function 3 (6 decks)

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