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microbiology > Spirochetes---Mycoplasma > Flashcards

Spirochetes---Mycoplasma Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Treponema pallidum
gram
shape
LPS?

A

Gram−
spirochete
no LPS

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2
Q

Treponema pallidum flagella/axial filament

A

flagella (3/pole) in an axial filament (between inner &outer membrane)

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3
Q

Treponema pallidum metabolism

A

microaerophile (never grown in culture: host-dependent metabolism)

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4
Q

Treponema pallidum transmission

A

fragile (only survive transmission without exposure):

sexual and congenital (placental) transmission in body fluids and mucous membranes

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5
Q

Treponema pallidum virulence

A

host response causes disease symptoms

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6
Q

Treponema pallidum virulence factors, what causes symptoms?

A

Ø membrane adhesins
Ø hyaluronidase
Ø antiphagocytic coat (fibronectin)
(host response causes symptoms)

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7
Q

Syphilis from?

A

new world to old world

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8
Q

Syphilis transmission

A

sexual or congential

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9
Q

syphilis localities

A

local
desimminated
gummas

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10
Q

local syphilis

infectious?

A

hard chancre/ulcer at site of infection; infectious

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11
Q

disseminated syphilis

infectious?

A

rash, aches; mucous membrane lesions

(“the great imitator”); infectious

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12
Q

gummas
can occur where?
infectious?
form in which stage of disease?

A

damage to blood vessels, eyes, CNS; insanity; not infectious

These form in tertiary syphilis granuloma lesion = inflammatory mass which can perforate, e.g. roof of mouth or any other tissues.

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13
Q

syphilis stages

A

primary
asymptomatic stage
secondary
possible tertiary

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14
Q

Primary syphilis:

A

2-6 weeks; chancre, which heals spontaneously, giving false sense of relief.

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15
Q

Asymptomatic period:

A

2-24 weeks

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16
Q

Secondary syphilis:

A

2-6 weeks; 50% of primary infections go on to secondary; symptoms typically resolve spontaneously (but recurrence in 25% with 1 yr)

Microbe persists for 2/3 of secondary infections, with 1/2 exhibiting tertiary syphilis

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17
Q

Tertiary syphilis presentation

A

diffuse, chronic inflammation

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18
Q

congenital syphilis
prevention
lethality
dental abnormalities

A

[completely preventable by penicillin treatment early in pregnancy!):

high lethality in-utero OR when initially born without symptoms: high lethality typical of young children (e.g. 2 yrs old) with facial and dental abnormalities like “Hutchinson’s incisors” and “mulberry molars”.

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19
Q

treatment of 1 and 2 syphilis, vax?

A

penicillin for 1º and 2º infections, which contain actively growing spirochetes
No vaccine

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20
Q

Borrelia

gram and shape

A

Gram−

spirochete

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21
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi causes what disease?

A

lyme disease

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22
Q

lyme disease cycle

A

zoonosis: caused by Ixodes sacpularis tick
most common in spring/summer as the females lay eggs that hatch into larvae
larvae attach to rodents and acquire B. burgdoferi> detatch and molt into nymphs that can transmit the bacteria to more rodents or to humans

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23
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi virulence factor

A

adhesion proteins

some species with antigenic variation

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24
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi transmission/ reservior

A

ticks

• reservoir: rodents, deer

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25
lyme disease stages
local disseminated chronic
26
local lyme disease
Erythema migrans rash at bite, fever
27
disseminated lyme disease effects on nn and heart, time frame?
nerve paralysis with heart arrhythmia (2-8 wks)
28
chronic lyme disease
arthritis and CNS paralysis due to persistent immune response (>6 months)
29
lyme disease vax?
none
30
Relapsing Fever of Borrelia spp.due to
Relapsing fever due to effective immune response to antigenic variation (small pathogen population maintained)
31
Borrelia spp of relapsing fever | where from?
B. recurrentis: from body louse of humans | B. miyamotoi: from soft shell tick from animals
32
Borrelia sp. treatment
penicillin tetracyclines ceftriaxone
33
Rickettsia gram
negative
34
Rickettsia intra or extracellular? escape? result?
obligate intracellular parasite: entry into endothelial cells, escape into cytoplasm by phospholipase, slow proliferation, cell lysis and vascular hemorrhages (no laboratory culture)
35
Rickettsia Virulence Factors:
intracellular growth rapid cell-to-cell spread (from cell projections by actin-rockets and through cell lysis)
36
rickettsia transmission
zoonosis: • wood tick (including transovarian transmission from adult ticks into tick eggs) • reservoir: wild rodents
37
Rocky Mountain spotted fever due to? | species involved?
CTL immune disease due to rickettsia
38
Rocky Mountain spotted fever disease presentation/ progression dissemenation? mortality without treatment?
* rash of extremities, then trunk * hemorrhagic lesions (with disseminated vascular CTL lysis of endothelial cells) ► spots * dissemination to heart, kidneys, etc ► shock, death (mortality = 20-40% if no treatment)
39
Rocky Mountain spotted fever vax
none
40
Rocky Mountain spotted fever treatment
doxy or flouraquinolones
41
Chlamydia trachomatis gram
negative
42
Chlamydia trachomatis agent of? commonality?
Agent of chlamydia | The most frequent sexually transmitted infection
43
Chlamydia trachomatis intra/extracellular?
Obligate intracellular parasite (no laboratory culture; “ATP”-parasite)
44
Chlamydia trachomatis peptdioglycan
no synthesis of this/ low LPS
45
what causes Chlamydia trachomatis disease symptoms
Inflammatory cytokines released from infected cells cause disease= damaging cell-mediated immune response in various tissues
46
Chlamydia trachomatis different forms/bodies cell infection/ spread
``` elementary body (stable, infectious) reticulate body (replicating, fragile, non-infectious) ``` EB: epithelial cell adhesion to microvilli ► RB in phagosomes (no fusion with lysosomes) ► replication and division ► EB ► cell lysis / exocytosis
47
Chlamydial diseases caused by:
CMI response
48
Chlamydial gonorrheal-like sexual disease
caused by 8 serotypes • Mucopurulent urethritis, cervicitis, salpingitis (fallopian tube infection) • mobility by adhesion to sperm (► epididymitis prostatitis in men) • PID (pelvic inflammatory disease) ► scarring ► ectopic pregnancy+ decreased fertility
49
other chlamydial diseases
3 serotypes: lymphogranuloma venereum 4 serotypes: trachoma (endemic chronic eye infection: blindness), ophthalmia neonatorum with conjunctivitis and pneumonia
50
treatment of chlamidyal diseases
* azithromycin: 1 dose | * tetracycline or erythromycin treatment
51
immune protection/ reinfection of chlamidya
no immune protection | reinfection: stronger CMI
52
C.pneumoniae strain causes
walking pneumonia
53
leading bacterial infection species
Chlamydia trachomatis
54
Mycoplasma pneumoniae gram cell wall? membrane?
non gram staining: (no rigid cell wall: no effect of | penicillin or lysozyme); strong membrane (due to sterols)
55
Mycoplasma pneumoniae sterilization
cannot be done with filtration (too small)
56
smallest prokaryote
Mycoplasma species are smallest prokaryote (M. | genitalium 580,070 bp – 475 genes)
57
Mycoplasma pneumoniae O2 use? preference for what tissue
strict aerobe (preference for bronchial mucosa)
58
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Virulence Factors:
Ø P1 adhesin for ciliated respiratory epithelium: loss of ciliated cells: no mucus clearing from lungs Ø slow growth
59
Mycoplasma pneumoniae disease
atypical, mild pneumonia, the leading cause in schools, students, and military: aerosol transmission in crowded conditions • often (>15%) combined with otitis media
60
Mycoplasma pneumoniae vax/ immunity
no vaccination; fading protective immunity after recovery
61
pneumonia species, which can be vaxxed against?
only pneumococcal can be vaxxed

microbiology (42 decks)

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