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microbiology > Zoonoses-Haemophilus-Listeria > Flashcards

Zoonoses-Haemophilus-Listeria Flashcards

1
Q

Yersenia pestis gram

A

negative

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2
Q

Yersenia pestis cause of?

A

black death

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3
Q

Yersenia pestis source

A

zoonotic disease/ unsanitary conditions

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4
Q

sylvatic plaque

A

Yersenia pestis transmitted from rodent to flea and back and forth, usually no severe affects on the rodent

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5
Q

urban plaque

A

result of rodent flea with Yersenia pestis biting rat and then becoming associated with humans through unsanitary conditions, bites human and causes infection

can lead to bubonic or septicemic plaque

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6
Q

bubonic plague major characteristic

mortaility?

A

bubo: infected lymph node with pus, NOT CONTAGIOUS
50-75 mortality if not treated promptly
can progress to septicemic plague

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7
Q

speticemic plague can progress to?

A

pnemonic plague, spread to lungs
HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS WITH AERSOLS AND POSSIBLE HUMAN FLEA
near 100 mortality
vascular shock leads to blackened extremities

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8
Q

Yersenia pestis virulence factors

A

Pla
yops
F1
LPS

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9
Q

pla of Yersenia pestis

A

protease, activates plasminogen activator to destroy C3b and C5a

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10
Q

yops of Yersenia pestis

loss of this?

A

interferes with phago

loss of yops= loss of virulence

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11
Q

F1 of Yersenia pestis

A

forms anti-phago capsule

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12
Q

LPS endotoxin Yersenia pestis

A

causes inflammatory symptoms

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13
Q

treatment/ prevention of the black death

A

antibiotics
vax for short-term protection
avoidance of rodents

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14
Q

Francisella tularensis gram

A

negative

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15
Q

Francisella tularensis pathgenicity

A 
oppurtunistic zoonosis (animal/tick bites) 
possible bioterrorism
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16
Q

Francisella tularensis virulnce factors

A

intracellular growth in macrophages

thin capsule

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17
Q

Francisella tularensis intracell growth
prevent?
can lead to?

A

prevention of phago lyso fusion, leads to bacteremia

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18
Q

Francisella tularensis thin capsule actions

A

anti complement and weak LPS endotoxin

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19
Q

Francisella tularensis diseases

A

“rabbit and tick fever”
ulceroglandular and oculoglandular tularemia
pulmonary tularemia

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20
Q

Brucella gram

A

negative

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21
Q

Brucella pathogenicity

A

oppurtunistic zoonosis by B. melitensis

bioterrorism

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22
Q

Brucella disease

A

undulant fever/ Bang’s disease= systemic bacteremia satrting at LN
waves of symptoms that resolve then recur

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23
Q

Brucella pathogenesis (how it spreads in body)

A

a

24
Q

Brucella virulence factors

A

Ø intracellular growth in macrophages bacteremia
Ø smooth culture (glycocalyx, no capsule)
Ø (weak) LPS endotoxin (no exotoxin)

25
Q

brucella eradication in US

A

due to destruction of infected cattle

26
Q

brucella abortions in animals

A

In animals, Brucella sp. cause infectious abortion: animal (but not human) placenta has a high
concentration of erythritol (nutrient preferred over glucose) abortion (in lifestock; not in humans)

27
Q

Haemophilus influenzae gram

A

negative

28
Q

Haemophilus influenzae often found where in our flora?

most virulent type?

A

frequently part of oral flora (carrier rate up to 80%)

6 O-antigen serotypes: a – f: type b is most virulent

29
Q

Haemophilus influenzae virulence factors

A

Ø Polyribitol phosphate (PRP) capsule b allows systemic infections T-independent Ag with poor IgM response in young children (without capsule: less virulence; localized infections only) ONLY IN TYPE B
Ø pili
Ø adhesins
Ø IgA protease

30
Q

Haemophilus influenzae vax
creates what kind of immune response?
does and does not protect against?

A

Conjugated vaccine against capsule b polysaccharides creates protective IgG, preventing systemic infections

Vaccine does not protect against other encapsulated strains and unencapsulated strains

31
Q

before the Haemophilus influenzae vax, it was the most common cause of?

A

bacterial meningitis in young children

32
Q

Haemophilus influenzae disease seen with vax

A

Even with vaccination:
by unencapsulated strains:
• otitis media (immunity develops in older children)
• sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia
• conjunctivitis pink eye (H.aegyptius strain)

33
Q

Haemophilus influenzae diseases without vax

sequelae?

A 
Without vaccination: systemic diseases
(in children) by encapsulated strains:
• meningitis
• septicemia, cellulitis, epiglottitis
arthritis as a sequelae
34
Q

Haemophilus influenzae epidemiology

A

aerosol transmission

respiratory tract in elderly

35
Q

Legionella pneumophila gram

A

negative

36
Q

Legionella pneumophila growth intracellularly

A

facultatively intracellular (prevents endosome-lysosome fusion; autophagosome-like uptake)

Lives and proliferates in the vacuoles of amoebas and in the endoplasmic reticulum of macrophages

37
Q

Legionella pneumophila temperatures

A

up to 46 C

38
Q

Legionella pneumophila chemical resistance

A

Relatively resistant to chlorine and other biocides

39
Q

Legionella pneumophila disease

A

Legionnaires disease

40
Q

Legionnaire’s disease transmission

A

aerosol from water sources (living inside amoeba)

No human-to-human transmission

41
Q

Legionnaire’s disease presentation

mortality?

A

severe pneumonia, necrotic abscesses

especially in immune-compromised and elderly; mortality 20%

42
Q

Legionella pneumophila virulence factors

A

intracell growth
C3b adhesin
cytotoxins
B lactamase

43
Q

Legionnaire’s disease treatment

A

erythromycin and ciporflaxin

44
Q

Listeria monocytogenes gram

A

postive

45
Q

Listeria monocytogenes
acid
temp
salt

A

• acid-resistant
• cold-resistant (psychrotolerant)
(growth from 1ºC to 45ºC)
• salt-resistant

46
Q

Listeria monocytogenes
motility
spreads thru?
intracellular?

A
  • motile
  • food-borne pathogen (processed meat like hot dogs, dairy like Brie cheese; 4ºC stored)
  • facultatively intracellular (enterocytes, macrophages)
47
Q

Listeriosis rarity? carriers?

A

Listeriosis is rare (2500 cases/yr) But exposure is common (10% asymptomatic carriers)

48
Q

Listeria monocytogenes Virulence Factors

A
  1. internalins
  2. listeriolysin O
  3. 2x phopholipase
  4. ActA
49
Q

Listeria monocytogenes internalins

A

allow entry into enterocytes or Peyer’s patches m cells

50
Q

Listeria monocytogenes listerolysin O

A

pore forming toxin

51
Q

Listeria monocytogenes PLC

A

lysosome lysis in macrophages/ intracellular growth

52
Q

ActA Listeria monocytogenes

A

for actin rocket mobility

53
Q

Listeria monocytogenes intracellular infections at mucus membrane

A

just like shigella, evades humoral response when in cells

54
Q

Cooperation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell CMI responses with Listeria monocytogenes
mutant vs wildtype

A
55
Q

Listeria monocytogenes epidemiology

A 
immune compromised
neonates
elderly
pregnant women
contaminated food
56
Q

Distinguish Gram+ diplo-like cocci: Listeria monocytogenes versus Streptococcus pneumonia

A

microbiology (42 decks)

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