Zoonoses-Haemophilus-Listeria

Question 1

Yersenia pestis gram

Answer 1

negative

Question 2

Yersenia pestis cause of?

Answer 2

black death

Question 3

Yersenia pestis source

Answer 3

zoonotic disease/ unsanitary conditions

Question 4

sylvatic plaque

Answer 4

Yersenia pestis transmitted from rodent to flea and back and forth, usually no severe affects on the rodent

Question 5

urban plaque

Answer 5

result of rodent flea with Yersenia pestis biting rat and then becoming associated with humans through unsanitary conditions, bites human and causes infection

can lead to bubonic or septicemic plaque

Question 6

bubonic plague major characteristic

mortaility?

Answer 6

bubo: infected lymph node with pus, NOT CONTAGIOUS
50-75 mortality if not treated promptly
can progress to septicemic plague

Question 7

speticemic plague can progress to?

Answer 7

pnemonic plague, spread to lungs
HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS WITH AERSOLS AND POSSIBLE HUMAN FLEA
near 100 mortality
vascular shock leads to blackened extremities

Question 8

Yersenia pestis virulence factors

Answer 8

Pla
yops
F1
LPS

Question 9

pla of Yersenia pestis

Answer 9

protease, activates plasminogen activator to destroy C3b and C5a

Question 10

yops of Yersenia pestis

loss of this?

Answer 10

interferes with phago

loss of yops= loss of virulence

Question 11

F1 of Yersenia pestis

Answer 11

forms anti-phago capsule

Question 12

LPS endotoxin Yersenia pestis

Answer 12

causes inflammatory symptoms

Question 13

treatment/ prevention of the black death

Answer 13

antibiotics
vax for short-term protection
avoidance of rodents

Question 14

Francisella tularensis gram

Answer 14

negative

Question 15

Francisella tularensis pathgenicity

Answer 15

oppurtunistic zoonosis (animal/tick bites) 
possible bioterrorism

Question 16

Francisella tularensis virulnce factors

Answer 16

intracellular growth in macrophages

thin capsule

Question 17

Francisella tularensis intracell growth
prevent?
can lead to?

Answer 17

prevention of phago lyso fusion, leads to bacteremia

Question 18

Francisella tularensis thin capsule actions

Answer 18

anti complement and weak LPS endotoxin

Question 19

Francisella tularensis diseases

Answer 19

“rabbit and tick fever”
ulceroglandular and oculoglandular tularemia
pulmonary tularemia

Question 20

Brucella gram

Answer 20

negative

Question 21

Brucella pathogenicity

Answer 21

oppurtunistic zoonosis by B. melitensis

bioterrorism

Question 22

Brucella disease

Answer 22

undulant fever/ Bang’s disease= systemic bacteremia satrting at LN
waves of symptoms that resolve then recur

Question 23

Brucella pathogenesis (how it spreads in body)

Answer 23

a

Question 24

Brucella virulence factors

Answer 24

Ø intracellular growth in macrophages bacteremia
Ø smooth culture (glycocalyx, no capsule)
Ø (weak) LPS endotoxin (no exotoxin)

Question 25

brucella eradication in US

Answer 25

due to destruction of infected cattle

Question 26

brucella abortions in animals

Answer 26

In animals, Brucella sp. cause infectious abortion: animal (but not human) placenta has a high concentration of erythritol (nutrient preferred over glucose) abortion (in lifestock; not in humans)

Question 27

Haemophilus influenzae gram

Answer 27

negative

Question 28

Haemophilus influenzae often found where in our flora? | most virulent type?

Answer 28

frequently part of oral flora (carrier rate up to 80%) | 6 O-antigen serotypes: a – f: type b is most virulent

Question 29

Haemophilus influenzae virulence factors

Answer 29

Ø Polyribitol phosphate (PRP) capsule b allows systemic infections T-independent Ag with poor IgM response in young children (without capsule: less virulence; localized infections only) ONLY IN TYPE B Ø pili Ø adhesins Ø IgA protease

Question 30

Haemophilus influenzae vax creates what kind of immune response? does and does not protect against?

Answer 30

Conjugated vaccine against capsule b polysaccharides creates protective IgG, preventing systemic infections Vaccine does not protect against other encapsulated strains and unencapsulated strains

Question 31

before the Haemophilus influenzae vax, it was the most common cause of?

Answer 31

bacterial meningitis in young children

Question 32

Haemophilus influenzae disease seen with vax

Answer 32

Even with vaccination: by unencapsulated strains: • otitis media (immunity develops in older children) • sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia • conjunctivitis pink eye (H.aegyptius strain)

Question 33

Haemophilus influenzae diseases without vax | sequelae?

Answer 33

``` Without vaccination: systemic diseases (in children) by encapsulated strains: • meningitis • septicemia, cellulitis, epiglottitis arthritis as a sequelae ```

Question 34

Haemophilus influenzae epidemiology

Answer 34

aerosol transmission | respiratory tract in elderly

Question 35

Legionella pneumophila gram

Answer 35

negative

Question 36

Legionella pneumophila growth intracellularly

Answer 36

facultatively intracellular (prevents endosome-lysosome fusion; autophagosome-like uptake) Lives and proliferates in the vacuoles of amoebas and in the endoplasmic reticulum of macrophages

Question 37

Legionella pneumophila temperatures

Answer 37

up to 46 C

Question 38

Legionella pneumophila chemical resistance

Answer 38

Relatively resistant to chlorine and other biocides

Question 39

Legionella pneumophila disease

Answer 39

Legionnaires disease

Question 40

Legionnaire's disease transmission

Answer 40

aerosol from water sources (living inside amoeba) | No human-to-human transmission

Question 41

Legionnaire's disease presentation | mortality?

Answer 41

severe pneumonia, necrotic abscesses | especially in immune-compromised and elderly; mortality 20%

Question 42

Legionella pneumophila virulence factors

Answer 42

intracell growth C3b adhesin cytotoxins B lactamase

Question 43

Legionnaire's disease treatment

Answer 43

erythromycin and ciporflaxin

Question 44

Listeria monocytogenes gram

Answer 44

postive

Question 45

Listeria monocytogenes acid temp salt

Answer 45

• acid-resistant • cold-resistant (psychrotolerant) (growth from 1ºC to 45ºC) • salt-resistant

Question 46

Listeria monocytogenes motility spreads thru? intracellular?

Answer 46

* motile * food-borne pathogen (processed meat like hot dogs, dairy like Brie cheese; 4ºC stored) * facultatively intracellular (enterocytes, macrophages)

Question 47

Listeriosis rarity? carriers?

Answer 47

Listeriosis is rare (2500 cases/yr) But exposure is common (10% asymptomatic carriers)

Question 48

Listeria monocytogenes Virulence Factors

Answer 48

1. internalins 2. listeriolysin O 1. 2x phopholipase 2. ActA

Question 49

Listeria monocytogenes internalins

Answer 49

allow entry into enterocytes or Peyer's patches m cells

Question 50

Listeria monocytogenes listerolysin O

Answer 50

pore forming toxin

Question 51

Listeria monocytogenes PLC

Answer 51

lysosome lysis in macrophages/ intracellular growth

Question 52

ActA Listeria monocytogenes

Answer 52

for actin rocket mobility

Question 53

Listeria monocytogenes intracellular infections at mucus membrane

Answer 53

just like shigella, evades humoral response when in cells

Question 54

Cooperation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell CMI responses with Listeria monocytogenes mutant vs wildtype

Answer 54

Question 55

Listeria monocytogenes epidemiology

Answer 55

``` immune compromised neonates elderly pregnant women contaminated food ```

Question 56

Distinguish Gram+ diplo-like cocci: Listeria monocytogenes versus Streptococcus pneumonia

Answer 56