Spirurids

Question 1

Where do thelazia live?

Answer 1

On the surface of the eye in birds and mammals - lacrimal ducts & conjunctiva

Question 2

Where are spirocera found?

Answer 2

Esophagus of dogs

Question 3

Where is physaloptera found?

Answer 3

Stomach of carnivores

Question 4

Where is physocephalus found?

Answer 4

Stomach of pigs

Question 5

Where are draschia & habronema found?

Answer 5

Stomach of horses

Question 6

This is a fresh worm, what is it?

Answer 6

Spirocerca

Bright red when fresh

Question 7

How can spirocerca be transmitted?

Answer 7

Intermediate hosts = dung bettles

OR

Paratenic hosts = mice, chickens, lizards

Question 8

What is the most common form of transmission for spirocerca?

Answer 8

Eating a paratenic host

Question 9

What is the life cycle for spirocerca lupi?

Answer 9

Adults in fibrous nodules of the esophagus and stomach

Females produce eggs -> L1 shed in feces

Egg with L1 ingested by intermediate host

Larva hatches inside intermediate host

Dog ingest L3 in intermediate host OR paratenic host

L3 released in the stomach

Larval migration through stomach wall

Into blood vessels

Enters visceral arteries & aorta

Cuases damage

Migrates to esophagues

Forms nodules

Question 10

When is L3 released from the intermediate host or paratenic host in spirocerca lupi?

Answer 10

L3 released in the STOMACH

Question 11

Where do adults of spirocerca lupi develop?

Answer 11

Submucosal nodules

Question 12

Where do females lay eggs for spirocerca lupi?

Answer 12

Fistula in nodules

Question 13

1. What is THE characteristic lesion seen with spirocerca lupi?
2. Is this lesion caused by larval migration OR the adults?

Answer 13

1. Aneurysms in the thoracic aorta
2. Caused by larval migration

Question 14

What types of damage do the females cause for spirocerca lupi?

Answer 14

Nodule formation in the wall of esophagus, stomach, aorta

Nodules are NOT granulomas

Question 15

What are the clinical signs of spirocercosis?

Answer 15

Dysphagia

Vomiting, regurgitation

Emaciation

Mild anemia (due to hemorrhage from esophagel lesions)

Question 16

What are the 4 main complications seen with spirocercosis?

Answer 16

Esophageal nodules –> fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma

Aneurysm of thoracic aorta –> sudden death

Hypertrophic osteopathy

Caudal thoracic vertebral spondylitis

Question 17

What is the life cycle of Physaloptera?

Answer 17

Adults attached to stomach mucosa

Eggs with L1 passed in feces

Eggs ingested by intermediate host

Infective L3 develops in arthropod

Definitive host ingests arthropod OR paratenic host

Develop directly into adults (NO LARVAL MIGRATION)

Question 18

What is THE characteristic clinical sign of physaloptera?

Answer 18

Chronic, intermittent vomitting

Question 19

What are other clinical signs of physaloptera?

Answer 19

Mild gastritis

Mucosal erosions

Anorexia

Weight loss

Melena

Anemia

Eosinophilia

Question 20

What is the treatment of physaloptera?

Answer 20

ALL EXTRA LABEL:

Pyrantel

Fenbendazole

Ivermectin

MANUAL REMOVAL

Question 21

What is the life cycle of physocephalus?

Answer 21

Adults in stomach attached to mucosa

Egges ingested by intermediate host

L1 hatches inside intermediate host

Develops into infective L3

Pig eats intermediate host with L3

L3 released in the stomach

Develop into adults

Question 22

What are the symptoms of physocephalus?

Answer 22

USUALLY ASYMPTOMATIC

Mild catarrhal gastritis

Question 23

What is the treatment for physocephalus?

Answer 23

Ivermectin

Question 24

Which are bigger, Drashia adults or Habronema adults?

Answer 24

Drashia = 13 mm

Habronema = 22-25 mm

Question 25

1. What are the intermediate hosts associated with Habronema? 2. What is the intermediate host associated with Drashcia?

Answer 25

1. Common housefly & stable fly 2. Common housefly

Question 26

What is the life cycle of Habronema?

Answer 26

Adults in stomach Lay eggs L1 passed in feces Maggots serve as intermediate host, ingest L1 L1 develops into L3 inside maggot L3 migrates to adult fly mouthparts L3 deposited on warm, moist fly feeding sites

Question 27

Where might Habronema L3s be deposited during fly feedings?

Answer 27

LIPS NOSTRILS CONJUNCTIVA OPEN WOUNDS GENITALIA

Question 28

Which causes nodules in the stomach, Drashcia OR Habronema?

Answer 28

Drashcia Can perforate, hemorrhage, interfere with pyloric valve function

Question 29

Cutaneous habronemiasis is usually associated with what, Draschia OR Habronema?

Answer 29

Drashcia

Question 30

What 2 conditions are associated with a Habronema infection?

Answer 30

Summer sores (cutaneous habronemiasis) Granular conjunctivitis of the medial canthus of the eye

Question 31

What is characteritis of Dracunculus insignis? What larval stage is this characteristic present?

Answer 31

Very long pointed tail L1

Question 32

What are the definitive hosts of Dracunculus insignis?

Answer 32

Raccoon Mink

Question 33

What are the accidental hosts of Dracunculus insignis? Is it zoonotic?

Answer 33

Dogs No

Question 34

What are the intermediate hosts of Dracunculus insignis?

Answer 34

Arthropods Cyclops or copepod: a microscopic crustacean

Question 35

What are the paratenic hosts of Dracunculus insignis?

Answer 35

Frogs +/- fish

Question 36

What is the life cycle of Dracunculus insignis?

Answer 36

Definite host ingests intermediate host OR paratenic host Larvae migrate to SQ tissues Develop into adults Males die after mating Females in SQ tissues of lower legs, thorax, and abdomen Produce substance that induces blisters to form Blisters ulcerate