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Parasitology 376 > Lecture Quiz 11/10/15 > Flashcards

Lecture Quiz 11/10/15 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 phases of the apicomplexan life cycle?

A
  1. Infectious phase
  2. Proliferative phase
  3. Sexual reproduction phase
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2
Q

In which of the 3 life cycle phases does sporogony occur?

A

Infectious phase

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3
Q

What is the product of sporogony in the infectious phase?

A

Sporozoites

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4
Q

In which of the 3 life cycle phases does gametogony occur?

A

Sexual reproduction phase

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5
Q

In which of the 3 life cycle phases does merogony (schizogony) occur?

A

Proliferative phase (asexual)

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6
Q

Which of the following are enteric only?

Isospora

Toxoplasma

Neospora

Sarcocystis

Cryptosporidium

Eimeria

A

Eimeria

Isospora

Cryptosporidium

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7
Q

Which of the following are enteric and exterintestinal?

Isopsora

Toxoplasma

Neospora

Sarcocystis

Cryptosporidium

Eimeria

A

Toxoplasma

Neospora

Sarcocystis

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8
Q

What do you call an infection with Eimeria?

A

Coccidiosis

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9
Q

Which age of animals are more commonly affected by Eimeria?

A

Younger animals

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10
Q

ALL Eimeria are obligate intracellular parasites. Where, specifically, are they usually found?

A

Gut epithelial cells AND/OR lacteal endothelium

Others: Kidneys; bile duct

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11
Q

Which species develop clinical signs to Eimeria?

A

Cattle

Sheep

Goats

Poultry

Rabbits

Camelids

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12
Q

The micropyle cap and micropyle are present in the oocyst of which species?

A

Eimeria

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13
Q

Eimeria has a direct life cycle; how is it transmitted?

A
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14
Q

What is the infective stage of Eimeria?

A

Sporulated oocyst

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15
Q

What is the life cycle of Eimeria as it develops into the infective stage?

A

A non-sporulated, non-infective oocyst is shed in the feces –> containing a single-celled sporont –> oocyts must undergo sporulation (sporogony) to become infective

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16
Q

Sporont –> ______ –> sporocyst –> ______

A

Sporont –> sporoblast –> sporocyst –> sporozoite

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17
Q

How many sporoblasts originate from one Eimeria sporont?

A

4

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18
Q

Explain the process for an Eimeria sporont developing into sporoblasts

A

1 sporont

2 sporozoites

4 sporoblasts

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19
Q

In Eimeria, how many sporozoites are there per sporocyst?

A

2

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20
Q

All Eimeria species sporulated oocysts contain :

____ # sporocysts with ____ # sporozoites each

_____ # sporozoites per oocytst

A

All Eimeria species sporulated oocysts contain :

4 sporocysts with 2 sprozoites each

=

8 sporozoites per oocyst

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21
Q

For Eimeria, where does sporogony occur?

A

In the environment

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22
Q

What are the environmental requirements of Eimeria sporogony?

A

Adequate moisture

Adequate oxygen

Adequate temperature

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23
Q

True or False:

  1. Sporogony in Eimeria species can occur over a range of temperatures.
  2. Sprogony occurs more rapidly in warmer temperature.
  3. More oocysts become infective in the fall.
A
  1. TRUE
  2. TRUE
  3. FALSE - More oocyts become infective in SUMMER
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24
Q

Species?

A

Eimeria

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25
Merogony is synonymous to what other term?
Schizogony
26
Once in the host cell, the Eimeria sporozoite becomes what?
Meront
27
What term is synonymous to meront?
Schizont
28
The Eimeria meront (schizont) divides by multiple fission and produces what?
Many 1st generation **merozoites**
29
Merozoites of the final asexual generation proceed to what?
Gametogony
30
What type of reproduction is gametogony?
Sexual
31
True or False: The trophozoite stage of Eimeria is not infective.
TRUE
32
Eimeria female gametes: One merozoite --\> one _____ --\> one \_\_\_\_\_
One merozoite --\> one **macrogametocyte** --\> one **macrogamete**
33
Eimeria male gametes: One merozoite --\> one _____ --\> MANY \_\_\_\_\_
One merozoite -\> one **microgametocyte** --\> MANY **microgametes**
34
True or False: 1. Microgametes remain in host cells. 2. Macrogametes exit host cells in search of a microgamete.
1. FALSE - microgametes exit host cells in search of a macrogamete. 2. FALSE - macrogametes remain in host cells.
35
After the microgamete fertilizes a macrogamete in the host cell, what develops?
Zygote
36
What does the zygote become?
Zygote becomes sporont within oocyst
37
Which Eimeria life stage is represented?
Microgamete
38
True or Flase: Eimeria is unspecific to hosts.
**FALSE** **Each species is VERY host specific.** Ex: A calf is infected with E. zuernii and develops immunity to E. zuernii. That calf is still susceptible to the other 14 Eimeria species that infect cattle.
39
Clinical disease associated with Eimeria is based on 3 things, what are they?
1. Eimeria species involved 2. Number of oocysts ingetsed 3. Host factors (age, immune status, nutrition)
40
What are the clinical signs associated with an Eimeria infection?
Enteritis Anorexia Decreased feed efficiency Weight loss Diarrhea (mucoid to bloody) Dehydration Anemia
41
Clinical parasitism with Eimeria in cattle (bovine coccidiosis) is most often seen at what age?
Calves less than or equal to 6 months old
42
What are the 3 clinical syndromes of bovine coccidiosis?
Enteric Winter Nervous
43
What clinical signs might be associated with Eimeria: bovine nervous coccidiosis?
CNS signs GI signs Muscle tremors Staggers (nystagmus, convulsions, opisthotonos, +/- blindness)
44
Explain the mortality rate of Eimeria: bovine nervous coccidiosis.
High mortality rate with OR without treatment
45
For bovine Eimeria coccidiosis, where might you find lesions associated with asexual replication?
Distal ileum
46
For bovine Eimeria coccidiosis, where might you find lesions associated with sexual reproduction of the organism?
Cecum Colon
47
Provide some prevention and control options for cattle farmers dealing with an Eimeria coccidiosis
Minimize overcrowding Improve nutrition Improve sanitation Keep feces out of food/water supplies Kill oocysts (sunlight, dessication) Chemical disinfectants
48
What is the OBJECTIVE when dealing with / controlling an infection with Eimeria in cattle?
Allow limited exposure to the parasite to stimulate immunity without developing CLINICAL DISEASE
49
How might Isosporus be transmitted?
1. Fecal-oral transmission 2. Paratenic host
50
What is the infective stage of isospora?
Sporulated oocyst
51
For Isospora, a rodent ingests a sporulated oocyst. What is then released in the GI tract?
Sporozoite
52
Where do the sporozoites go once released in the GIT?
Penetrate the gut wall Enter extra-intestinal cells
53
What does the sporozoite then form in the tissues?
Monozoic cyst
54
When the definitive ingests the rodent, what does the monozoic cyst release?
Sporozoite
55
Once the sporozoite for Isospora is released from the monozoic cyst in the intestine of the definitive host, what process is initiated?
Merogony
56
In summary, now explain the complete pathogenesis of Isospora infection from a paratenic host.
\* Rodent ingests sporulated oocyst \* Sporozoites are released in the GI tract Sporozoites penetrate the gut wall Sporozoites enter extra-intestinal cells Each sporozoite form a monozoic cyst \* Definitve host ingests rodent \* Sporozoite released from monozoic cyst This initiates merogony in the intestine of the dog or cat
57
1. For cystoisospora, what stage is shed in the feces? 2. Where does sporogony occur? 3. Where does merogony occur? 4. Where does gametogony occur?
1. Unsporulated cysts shed in feces 2. Sporogony in environemtn 3. Merogony in small intestine 4. Gametogony in small intestine
58
True or False: Cystoisospora is usually non-pathogenic to mildly pathogenic.
TRUE
59
True or False: Oocyst shedding of Isospora occurs right before clinical signs develop.
FALSE Clinical signs precede oocyst shedding
60
Oragnism?
Isospora
61
Complete the chart:
62
What is the name of the Isospora that infects swine?
Cystoisospora suis
63
What specific disease does Cystoisospora suis cause in swine?
Neonatal porcine coccidiosis (NPC)
64
What is one characteristic known about the transmission of Cystoisospora suis?
NO paratenic host known
65
At what age does Cystoisospora suis typically affect pigs?
7-10 days of age
66
True or False: 1. Cystoisospora suis in affected pigs can easily be treated with antibiotics. 2. Cystoisospora is more prevalent in the humid periods of summer.
1. FALSE - affected pigs are NON-RESPONSIVE to antibiotics 2. TRUE
67
In post-mortem examination of a Cystoisospora suis case, where in the body would you look for gross lesions?
Jejunum Ileum
68
On post-mortem examination of Cystoisospora suis, what changes would you see in histology of the jejunum and ileum?
Villus atrophy + Parasites
69
What is the main mode of control of ALL coccidia?
SANITATION
70
Cryptosporidium is divisible into 2 groups based on location. What are those 2 locations?
Stomach Intestines
71
Which species of Cryptosporidium is probably the main zoonotic species/subspecies affecting immunocompetent people?
Cryptosporidium parvum (genotype II)
72
In what species can you find Cryptosporidium parvum genotype II?
Cattle
73
Which Cryptosporidium species is most commonly found in humans?
Cryptosporidium hominis | ( parvum genotype I )
74
Which species of Cryptosporidia infect dogs and cats, respectively, and are considered zoonotic?
Cryptosporidium canis - Dogs Cryptosporidium felis - Cats
75
Which organism differs from other Apicomplexans and develops in the enterocyte microvillus border, not in the cytoplasm of host cells?
Cryptosporidium parvum
76
As for Cryptosporidium, where does sporogony occur?
WITHIN THE HOST Different from others we've talked about!!!!!!
77
1. Which organism produces 2 types of oocytes? 2. What are those types?
1. Cryptosporidium parvum 2. Thick-shelled & Thin-shelled
78
What is the difference between the thick-shelled oocyst of Cryptosporidium parvum and the thin-shelled oocyst?
Thick-shelled --\> Passed in feces --\> New host Thin-shelled --\> Can cause autoinfection
79
In which condition will calves recover as local immunity develops and is considered to be "self-limiting"?
Enteric cryptosporidiosis
80

Parasitology 376 (20 decks)

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