SPLOPS COMPLETE COMBINED Flashcards
(605 cards)
0
Q
Organic peroxides are composed of what?
A
an oxidizer and compound that contains a fuel.
1
Q
what is vapor density?
A
the ability of the vapor to rise or sink when compared to air
2
Q
NFPA definition of Flammable liquid?
NFPA definition of combustable liquid?
A
liquids have flash points less than 100 degrees F
liquids have flash points between 100 and 200 degrees F
3
Q
definition of vapor pressure
A
ability of material to evaporate.
4
Q
DOT definition of flammable liquid?
A
liquid have a flash point less than 140 degrees F.
5
Q
Definition of solubility?
A
ability of a substance to mix completely with another substance.
6
Q
what are the common units of measurement for pressure?
A
760 mmhg
760 torr
1 atm
14.7psi
7
Q
what are non-polar substances?
A
gasolines, oils, petroleum based products.
8
Q
Home propane tank pressures are regulated at?
A
working pressure of 240psi
pressure relief @ 375psi
testing pressure @ 480psi.
9
Q
the amount of time it takes for half the atoms in a sample to decay is what?
A
half- life.
10
Q
How is vapor density measured (2 ways)?
A
in relation to air being 1 and MW of air being 29.
11
Q
Radioactive particles cause damage by 2 ways:
A
disrupting cell division
forming H202 chemicals in the body.
12
Q
Pyrophoric solids ignite at what temperature?
A
at or below 130 degrees F
13
Q
Acidity is based on what factor?
A
amount of H ions in solution.
14
Q
Definition of corrosivity?
A
solid, liquid, or gas that burns, irritates, or destructively attacks organic tissues.
Either acids or bases.
15
Q
Properties of Beta particles
A
travel distance of approx 30ft.
moderate size particle
moderate energy emited.
16
Q
OSHA radiation exposure limits are ?
A
3 rem/ quarter or 5 rem/ year.
17
Q
Definition of viscosity?
A
ability of a liquid to be poured.
18
Q
defintion of temperature
A
measure of heat energy.
19
Q
Definition of flash point?
A
minimum temp of a LIQUID can ignite a flash in the vapor space of the liquid.
20
Q
What does OC and CC mean with relation to flammable liquids?
A
open cup and closed cup testing.
21
Q
Definition of contamination?
A
when a radioactive material becomes attached to something.
22
Q
Radiation is measured in what units?
A
RAD- radiation absorbed dose
23
Q
Definition of solute?
A
material in LESSER concentration in a mixture.
24
Expansion ratio for LNG- liquid natural gas?
600:1
25
Definition of "ignition temperature or Auto ignition temperature"?
Temperature at which a materials vapors start to burn without flame or other ignition source.
26
Which "TYPE" of organic peroxides are the most unstable and forbidden in transport?
Type A and are usually dissolved in a solvent to prevent the chemical reaction.
27
DOT definition of compressed gas?
pressure of 40psi at 70 degrees F.
28
Difference between gamma and x-rays origination?
Gamma originate in the nucleus and x-rays outside the the nucleus.
29
By doubling the distance in regards to radioactivity what happens?
the energy is decreased by 1/4.
30
oxidizers and corrosives make what class of chemical?
inorganic perioxides
31
definition of sublimation
the ability of a solid to change state directly to a gas.
32
Definition of LEL and UEL?
concentration of vapor from a liquid
| or flammable gas in air.
33
Properties of alpha particles
shortest traveling distance at about 4"
largest of radioactive particles
lowest energy emmited.
34
Cyrogenics are defined at what temperature?
Boiling point - 130 degrees F
35
1% equals how many PPM?
10,000.
36
Expansion ratio of LPG- liquified petroleum gas?
250:1
37
Definition of Solvent?
material in GREATER concentration in a mixture
38
Emmited energy as a result of a change in the nucleus or its atoms is called?
Radioactivity.
39
What is the flash point of gasoline?
-45 degrees F
40
Definition of specific gravity?
the weight of a material with reference to water wether it will sink or float. Water being 1.0.
41
Properties of Neutrons
Travels the furthest and requires significant shielding
size is larger than beta but 1/4 the size of alpha.
found generally with atomic weapons.
42
what percentage of space must remain in the container of a compressed gas?
15%
43
the lower the flash point the ________ flammability of the liquid.
"Higher"
44
Easiest and most dangerous way for exposure from hazardous materials is?
through the respiratory system.
45
A good donning team will a backup team ready in how many minutes?
less than 1.
46
Describe level B protection?
NFPA 1992-highest level of respiratory protection
Protects against contacts with spills or splashes.
not- fully encapsulated --no permeation barrier/ just "Penetration"
not to be worn with dangerous gases or vapors
no thermal protection.
47
The first glove as the underglove should be which type?
nitrile - thin surgical type glove.
48
what is the minimum ratio to dress in protective clothing?
1:1
49
NFPA donning recommendations V/S?
```
BP < 150/90
HR < 70% of max HR (220-age)
RR<24/min
Oral temp 97f - 99.5f
Core temp 98f-100.5f
No sick S/S or new medication including OTC for 72hrs
No ETOH in last 6hrs
```
50
where do instructions for donning and doffing clothing come from?
manufacturer.
51
Describe Level C protection?
NFPA 1993- Respiratory uses a APR (lower respiratory protection)
Allows for splash or leak protection from liquids that are KNOWN.
Does not constitute a health hazard if exposed.
Limited to support zone activities.
52
The best course of action when determining what to wear in a flammable environment is?
Change the atmosphere.
53
What issues are to be considered when wearing chemical protective clothing?
Buddy system
communications
working with tools
In- sight work.
54
Normalized break-through time is defined as?
0.1ug/cm2/min @80.6F.
55
What is the function of a butyl glove?
primarily to protect the ensemble glove not chemical resistance.
56
If a chemical does not appear on the clothing for resistance, what can be done?
consult a chemical compatibility and product properties chart.
57
level of protection for doffing persons out of CPC is determined by who?
safety officer and or group sector supervisor.
58
What is a major limitation of an "SAR"
hose length limited to 300ft.
| Not approved in IDLH atmospheres unless equipped with an emergency escape SCBA.
59
Simple testing for level A garments consists of what?
visual inspection and gastight integrity.
60
What is a disadvantage of closed circuit SCBA?
inability to inflate a level A suit.
61
The OSHA law governing Respiratory equipment requires what type of notification to employees?
Written.
62
What is a "SAR"
supplied air respirator.
63
when did soft permeable lenses become allowed?
Feb 1998 OSHA.
64
Define Degradation?
Change in a material caused by contact with another agent.
65
Simple testing of Level B garments consists of what?
visual inspection only.
66
when should the mission briefing take place?
prior to members being suited up in CPC.
67
Define Actual break-through time?
When the detector first detects the chemical on the material being tested.
68
Limitations of level B suits
No permeation protection from gases or vapors
May still leak liquids
No thermal protection.
69
What is the last item removed of CPC?
Respiratory protection.
70
What are the visible signs of degradation?
charring, shrinking, softening, cracking, dissolving.
71
Describe Level A protective equipment....
Falls under NFPA 1991
provides highest level of respiratory and skin protection.
Should have flash protection.
Inner and outter gloves resistance of 60min
Pass 21 chemical tests for permeation.
72
How should entry and back-up persons dress in CPC?
at the same rate and same level of dress.
73
What is a major limitation of an "APR"
Cannot be used IDLH or 02 deficient atmospheres (<19.5% 02)
Only protects against specific chemicals.
Not Positive pressure.
74
Define Permeation?
Movement of chemical through a material on the molecular level.
75
What are the best methods to ensure heat related stress do not compromise hazardous entries from personnel?
Pre-donning physical and proper hydration.
76
Limitations of Level C suits?
Very use limited only for controlled situations.
| No thermal protection.
77
OSHA standard for selection, use , testing , cleaning, maintenance...
1910.134 1998 edition.
78
Describe Level D protection?
Normal workplace protections and conditions.
No NFPA standard for Level D.
Use for in NON-EMERGENT situations.
79
Limitations of a Level A suit?
bulky
reduced mvt
communication is difficult.
physically stressful.
80
Define Penetration?
A "leak". Movement of chemical through existing openings in a material or garment.
81
What needs to needs to be logged at a minimum for CPC?
```
Date of purchase
manufacturer
vendor
serial #
markings
color
material
destruction date and disposal.
```
82
What is an "APR"
Air purifying respirator.
83
Penetration time criteria?
Garment must not show any leakage for 60min of continuous spray of water.
84
Most detection read-out is done ?
in real time
85
How should detector tubes be stored?
left in the their original box.
86
Transport packaging containing radioactive material is read how?
millirem/ hr @ 1 meter from the surface of the box.
87
Although detector tubes are calibrated to 1 material it may respond how?
to other materials that have similar structure and reactivity.
88
What is relative response?
when an instrument reading is higher or lower than the actual concentration of vapors or gases present.
89
Definition of precision?
grouping of separate readings around a calculated average.
90
alpha and beta radiation is read in what?
CPM- counts per minute
91
PID's are designed to detect what?
organic vapors or gases in low PPM range.
92
What are the simplest kits in order to test for hazards?
Test papers and or kits.
93
What is the sampling procedure while using a sample line?
1 to 2 seconds per ft of hose.
94
Another name for radiation survey instruments commonly found in fire departments today is called what?
Ludlam meter.
95
What are the basic rules for detection devices? (7)
1. prioritize monitoring- measure 02 levels first.
2. select to appropriate instrument
3. absence of evidence is evidence of absence.
4. never assume only 1 hazard is present.
5. use one instrument to confirm another
6. interpret readings in more than 1 way
7. establish action levels.- (unknowns have a 25% LEL.)
96
UL and FL markings mean what?
intrinsically safe for class 1 division 1 groups ABCD.
97
PID's readouts in regards to IP are in what measure?
PPM.
98
What is gas chromatography mode?
the sample can be identified by seperating it into GC columns and the chemicals retention time.
99
FID's measure reading are in what?
PPM
100
The aspiration pump for detector tubes must be calibrated how often?
on a quarterly basis.
101
oxygen enriched atmospheres are what %?
greater than 23.5%
102
what gas or vapor must be present in order for the FID to work?
oxygen.
103
What is survey mode with a FID?
translates organic vapors into concentration of PPM.
104
Primary disadvantage of a dosimeter is?
gives measurements of radiation that ALREADY has been received.
105
How is ionization potential (IP) expressed?
Electron volts.
106
CGI's with IR capability can read what?
CO2 and CH3 levels in concentrations above 5,000PPM.
107
The time it takes the instrument to obtain the sample and produce readings is called what?
Response time.
108
Detector tubes detect what?
only if a chemical is present
109
Advantage of FID vs PID?
FID's are not restricted by IP because it burns the actual material allowing higher PPM and allow identification of the gas or vapor.
110
what 2 modes do FID's work in?
Survey and gas chromatography.
111
PID's determine what?
if there are high or low concentrations of s chemical present.
112
Gamma radiation is measured in what?
mR/hr or uR/hr - roentgens.
113
Definition of accuracy?
average of all measurements fall within an acceptable predetermined interval from the true value.
114
PID readings of 5 PPM or more of an unknown gas or vapor mean what?
Indicate need for protective clothing and breathing apparatus.
115
An appropriately set CGI low level alarm is set at what percent of the cal gas?
10%
116
what is the most important initial check on an instrument?
the battery check
117
ambient air for calibrating and 02 sensor should be what %?
20.9%
118
A negative response for a detection tube may be more informative than a positive one why?
Since in can exclude number of potential chemical contaminants.
119
What is retention time?
the amount of time a substance remains within the column of the GC .
120
In order to use the FID's GCs function what has to be known?
A general idea what gases or vapors may be present.
121
Explosion proof labels mean?
reactions are contained within enclosures.
122
Monitoring equipment helps you determine what 3 things?
appropriate PPE
safe areas and evacuation zones
control tactics
123
Definition of ionization potential?
the energy required to move the OUTTER MOST electron from the atom or nucleus.
124
what are the three different scales for a CGI?
PPM
% LEL
% gas
125
What gas is required for proper functioning of a CGI since it requires combustion of the vapor or gas its detecting?
Oxygen
126
what are the general confinement techniques for a liquid?
```
absorption/ adsorption
damming/diking
diversion
dispersion
retention.
```
127
What are the general techniques for containment?
```
Auxiliary closure devices
bandages
neutralization
overpacking
patching
plugging
```
128
What are offensive operations decisions that need to be made?
```
what stresses caused the breech?
Identity of the product
Defensive actions already taken
Offensive ops risk vs. benifit
what hazards result in taking offensive ops
Can offensive ops work
Can offensive ops be done safely
Can offensive ops mitigate the situation.
```
129
What is the pressure in the piping generally for a cargo tank?
75 psi
130
What are considered auxiliary tools?
bung wrenches
non- sparking tools
drum leveler/ up righting
dolly/ carts
131
What must be done to any container before attempting to control a leak?
stabilize the container.
132
Define containment?
KEEP IN CONTAINER
| actions taken to keep material in "container"
133
what are the general confinement techniques for a solid?
Site control.
134
What are considered general hazards?
```
physical
environmental
container hazards
container stability
Container integrity
Energy releases.
```
135
What are the considerations for overpacking a container?
Must be 85 gallons
Compatible with material or chemical hazard
must write chemical name on container
must write salvage drum on container
must be able to withstand pressure and not over pressurize container
136
What type of call makes up most Hazardous materials calls?
Non- bulk container.
137
What are auxiliary control devices or measures?
Dome clamps
engineered shut off valves
A B C chlorine kits
sealants
138
Cargo tank mitigation includes what?
replacing bolts, gaskets or caps.
139
If a relief valve on a non-cyrogenic tank is operating what should you do?
find out the reason it is operating, if the product is causing a hazard then defensive measures should be taken.
140
when and why do hazardous materials releases occur?
```
improperly secured valves
bad gaskets
overfilling
unsecured fittings
venting from relief valves
```
141
Flaring is used when?
disposal of flammable materials
142
Pneumatic plugs for drums range in size from ?
4 inches to 3 feet.
143
What should be done first before overpacking a drum?
stop the leak first.
144
AFFF foam for non-polar substances like gasoline/ oils work by?
reduces surface are and decreases heat production
145
define confinement
actions to keep material in an area?
146
Cargo control tank mitigation from piping or valves should be?
closing valves upstream of the leak.
147
What are the general control techniques for a gas or vapor?
Suppression
dispersion
confinement.
148
What are the terms when discussing damage to a container?
```
Cracks- narrow splits or breaks
scores- indentation
gouges-removal of container material
dents- deformities
burns
```
149
Can ABC kits be used for other chemicals than chlorine?
yes.
150
what are the most basic control measures for tank cars?
if open- close it - clockwise
if loose- tighten it- clockwise
if missing- replace it
151
Best methods for practicing on pressure vessels?
First practice without protective clothing
second add gloves
Third, use all together.
152
how much does a nearly full 35 gal drum weigh?
approx 600lbs
153
Cargo tank removal methods include?
flaring
transferring
venting
venting/burning
154
what should be done if unsure of a container's status?
take defensive measures and get expert help.
155
What are mitigation methods for 55 gal drums?
Overpacking
bandages
plugging/ patching
sealants
156
Venting is used for what material?
non-flammable gases
157
What is the advantage of a vacuum truck
does not have to develop a higher pressure than the damaged container.
158
Are leaks from pressure relief valves considered a breach?
NO.
159
What is the anatomy of a drum?
circular opening at the top- BUNG
First rim at the top- CHIME
rims or rings below the 1st- ROLL RINGS
160
Regardless of flammability hazards, what should be controlled?
All ignition sources.
161
How are chemical exposures documented?
Hazmat form V-IID filled and given to Dist. Capt.
Supervisor incident report filled out with chemical exposures included
Tracking number
Casualty page
Notifications and forms sent to exposure control officer.
162
Who completes the 3 page billing report?
SPLOPS captain.
163
FOUO stands for?
"For official use Only"
164
Hazmat incident reporting will be in line with which policies?
VI-2 as well as Web EOC.
165
What are detection resources made up of?
physical, canine, and technical
166
Mitigation with regards to DRU trailers is defined by what activities?
Jurisdictional hazard analysis
Pre - planning (collection points)
Training- (public and private sectors).
167
Dive training certifications have when with an audit when?
January through August and Audit in September.
168
In order to bid into SPLOPS person must have completed ?
Dept approved Hazardous materials technician course.
169
what ordinance does hazmat incidents apply
98-13
170
Who is responsible for ensuring employees receive training in dive rescue?
Training and safety division.
171
Phase 3 - s/r of void spaces includes?
search of structures likely to contain survivors
| detection resources include physical, canine, or technical.
172
IF other agencies have safeguarded information, how should it be handled?
Follow the guidelines from the sending organization, if no direction then follow PBCFR policy.
173
Topics and sources for Sensitive information come from?
```
Intellegence analysis reports
Fire service intelligence enterprise
open source reporting
Florida virtual fusion center
DHS reports
Intelligence briefings
```
174
Who is responsible to review completed task books?
DC and BC of SPLOPS
175
Since a security clearance is not needed, what is sensitive information based on?
Need to know basis.
176
Task book completions for the crew is signed by who?
Who signs off Captains of SPLOPS?
SPLOPS captain for crew
DC for SPLOPS capt.
177
What happens to the 3 copies of the billing report?
Pink goes to originator
| White and yellow go to DC of SPLOPS
178
Hard copies of sensitive information may be destroyed how?
shredding
pulping
pulverizing
179
Who itemizes the hazmat billing form?
DC of SPLOPS
180
Who determines which entities or individuals receive information?
The originator.
181
Assistance in SAR reporting can be gained by contacting who?
BC of Special operations
182
Incident reporting with suspicious activity reports (SAR) are notified in which order.
DC
FOO
PBC regional fusion center
183
How are sensitive materials marked at a minimum?
FOUO on the bottom of each page.
184
Hazardous materials technicians must meet or exceed minimum levels of what?
skill
knowledge
functional levels
185
FOUO material is marked by which agency?
DHS- dept of homeland security.
186
The sharing of sensitive information may be shared with which other agencies?
Federal, state, tribal, private, local, LEO.
187
Which exposure does not qualify of an HIV test?
Airborne.
188
When should the annexes be reviewed with subordinates and crew?
On an annual basis in the month of JULY.
189
What are the 5 phases of search and rescue?
phase 1- recon-
phase 2- rapid and hasty
phase 3- s/r of voids
phase 4- debris removal and human remains dectection
phase 5- general debris removal with human remains detection
190
What are the facilities that would require evacuation assistance?
```
hospitals
nursing homes
evacuation shelters
fire stations/ police stations
critical infrastructure facilities
```
191
On scene mgt of the DRU trailers for decontamination is the responsibility of who?
Dist. Captains
192
Storage of FOUO material can be placed in?
Filing cabinet
desk drawer
overhead storage compartment
all the above with locking capabilities.
193
Who determines dismenination of material?
Fire chief or designee.
194
Once the emergency needs of the community have met what are the priorities for returning to operation?
```
demobilization
decontamination
Employee notification
documentation
PIA
```
195
Responses are governed which documents?
Current edition of PBC regional HRMRT guidelines and PBCFR SOG 2401
196
Phase 4- debris removal and search for human remains includes?
systematic search of every room in a structure.
197
Audits of Hazmat completions and competency are done when?
| Are signed off when?
November and signed in December.
198
What are the 2 search modes for USAR?
detection mode- determine if victims are present
| location mode- pinpoint location for rescue
199
Electronic storage of sensitive material may be destroyed how?
overwriting
| degaussing
200
The hazardous material technician refresher program is completed how often?
annual basis.
201
The CEMP containes annexes for what type emergencies?
Hurricane
wild land fire
homeland security
202
DRU trailers carry enough supplies for the treatment of how many victims?
100- 50 per trailer.
203
Handling of sensitive information is based on what type of system?
tier system
204
When should a hazmat unit be contacted with regard to exposure?
where the potential exists for undue chemical exposures.
205
"Significant exposures" are defined as?
Needle sticks, instruments, sharps
Mucous membranes
skin
airborne contact.
206
In order to be complaint the 29 CFR.1910 what instruction must be completed.
Didactic and compentency
207
When will the DRU trailers be available for support- during which kinds of incidents?
Nuclear
biological
hazmat/ chemical incidents
terrorism
208
Outside persons are considered with regards to sensitive information?
spouse, friends, relatives
209
Which PBCFR section is responsible for all invoicing and cash receipts for hazmat incidents?
Fiscal.
210
Phase 1 recon includes?
determining scope and magnitude of affected area
| can be accomplished by air, water craft, vehicle, or walking
211
Dive refresher program consists of?
Task book with required competencies
dive logs
annual proficiency.
212
Who is responsible for employees receiving training to hazardous materials response?
Training and safety division.
213
Dive recurrency training authority falls under who?
Fire Administrator
| NFPA 1670
214
FOUO information may be sent how?
department email, no personnel emails
215
Departmental information products are broken into what categories?
First responder safety "ALERT" - RED, TIME SENSITIVE
First responder safety "BULLETIN" - GREEN- REGULAR CYCLES
Weekly "REPORTS" - BLUE- NON- TIME SENSITIVE.
Briefing "EXECUTIVE"- GOLD-
216
Sensitive information guidelines protect what?
persons' privacy
welfare
or the conduct of federal programs essential to national interest.
217
Low coverage and high coverage searches are what? and under which phase are they conducted?
Low coverage- systematic search of every room and void space
High coverage- complete de-layering and removal of collapse debris
Both conducted in both Phase 4 and 5.
218
When the CEMP become activated?
when the incident constitutes a "Severe emergency situation".
219
Phase 2 - hasty and rapid search includes?
those in need of immediate evac from harm.
| may be accomplished with recon.
220
Hazmat annual certifications and competency requirements are when?
January thru October
221
What is the purpose of the CEMP- comprehensive emergency management plan?
to have an organized way to respond to "potentially catastrophic emergencies".
222
The specific subjects and hours a hazmat tech must complete is determined by who?
Training and safety each year.
223
PBCFR operates under what command system for USAR operations?
NIMS
224
What documents get attached to a hazmat report?
208 HM- site safety plan
PIA
billing materials form for incidents over 4 hrs.
225
Notification of Decontaminated patients going to a facility should be told what information?
```
Number of patients
type and amt of contamination
medical conditions
time of arrival
migratory times of other victims coming on their own.
```
226
Exclusion zone GUIDELINES for establishment ?
toxicity based on reading greater than published TLV/TWA or PEL
Any flammability reading from a CGI
O2 deficient <19.5% or enriched >23.5%
radioactivity w/ readings above backround
227
When the decision NOT to execute and order what happens?
must be documented in writing by the hazmat group supervisor referencing the SOG or safety guidelines.
228
What staffing is needed prior to teams making entry?
Dedicated rescue w/ paramedics for entry.
| If entry is into an IDLH then Toxmedics are required
229
is a level 3 response
Severe incident
230
Medical exams are conducted when?
```
at least q 12 months
prior to assignment and exit from a team
as deemed necessary by a physician
upon s/s of an exposure.
cases of suspected exposure above a PEL.
```
231
What is the minimum level of CPC when monitoring initially?
Level B
232
what is a level 1 response?
```
dealing w/ known substances
no deaths or injures
limited area less than 300ft
less than 25 gallons
evacuation not more than 4 hrs
```
233
Radiation action levels?
2 x background requires high and low range dosimetry.
234
Who gets notified when situation is IDLH and involving extremely hazardous substances?
```
Need for Toxmedic
(4) FRO for decon ops
palm beach county dept emergency mgt. PBCDEM
county warning point CWP
state warning point SWP
Florida division of emergency mgt
```
235
How is zone 4 notified for a hazmat response?
Through Boca Raton communications center by direct telephone line and Boca will contact Delray beach communications center.
236
How are operational periods organized?
initial- 4hrs
greater than 1 entry- may request add'l team
greater than 4 entries - requires IC notification
extended ops defined as: (2) 4hr ops periods or greater than 4 entries
237
How often does post entry eval occur?
immediately after exiting and 10min.
238
When can RHMRT supervisor transfer responsibilities to another group supervisor?
with the concurrence of the IC.
239
What is the curriculum that a hazmat group supervisor must complete?
Florida state emergency response commissions guideline for public sector hazardous materials training.
Hazardous materials incident commander and OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120 (q)(6)
240
Under termination, a PIA will be conducted under what requirements?
response of more than 1 RHMRT and completed as soon as possible after the incident.
241
Supplied air lines have a maximum length of?
300ft from the air source
242
what is the rest time for max amt of time in level A CPC?
60 min.
243
RHMRT site safety plan document #
ICS 208HM
244
Purpose of establishing control zones?
designate areas of specific function
limit levels of contamination
provide areas of safety for first responders and public
245
When should the RHMRT be released post incident?
after stabilization or elimination of the situation.
246
Support Zone- COLD zone critera
stages command and control functions
functional area for decontaminated victims
area for staging, media and non-essential personnel.
247
The adequate supply of medication required to be maintained in the Tox box is what?
Enough medication to treat 4- 100kg pt's per Florida regional common EMS protocols.
248
When does rehab begin for entry and decon personnel?
immediately upon exit from the decon corridor.
249
What is the minimum distance that allows for a a safe retreat?
330ft
250
Monitoring for unknown products will include?
```
radioactivity Radioactivity- 100mR/hr
pH PH - <4 or >12
Combustibility oxygen levels <12.5 LEL>10% of LEL
H2S
CO
organic vapor
colormetric tubes
chemical WMD
biological agents
```
251
Level A CPC gives what protection
highest skin, respiratory , and eye protection
1991 NFPA standard.
252
who has the authority to terminate any strategy or tactic considered unsafe ?
Hazmat group supervisor.
253
The best positioning of vehicles with variable winds is?
uphill.
254
On level II incidents hazmat materials are contained or secured to what extent?
only to the extent that there is no longer an immediate threat to life, property, or environment outside the emergency site.
255
What factors determine the Exclusion or HOT zone
the area most affected by the release
TLV
will be marked by physical boundaries
Refuge are near reduction corridor.
256
Before returning to service the ________must be completely rehabilitated.
entry team.
257
Refuge area is defined as what?
area designated for contaminated persons within the exclusionary/ initial isolation zone .
258
Monitoring protocols and procedures fall under what compliance standards?
OSHA 1910.120, 40 part 311
NFPA 471
259
IF no contractor or responsible party is available then what?
Department of environmental protection may be utilized.
Last resort- may contract for disposal at the expense of the AHJ.
260
Purpose of emergency response plan?
provide RHMRT with county wide organization to mitigate an emergency involving Hazardous materials.
261
The county Emergency response plan will be reviewed how often?
AT LEAST annually.
262
When do hazmat victims become patients?
after decontamination.
263
Who establishes command on an incident?
the first arriving fire rescue unit or senior official having authority.
264
what is the time limit of work in level A CPC?
20 min at temps above 70F
265
How is contamination prevented according to the RHMRT?
```
minimize contact w/ substances
protecting instruments
using remote sampling techniques
disposable CPC
protecting and wearing SCBA
```
266
ERG is good for directions up to what time frame?
30min.
267
is a level 3 incident
Severe incident
injuries or deaths may have already occurred
large area, impacting essential services
large amt of hazardous substance or LIMITED VERY hazardous sub.
268
A the termination of an incident what must be provided to every responder?
Names of substances
symptoms of exposure
specific action to be taken for decontamination.
269
How often are medical records reviewed?
q 4 yrs
270
Hazmat control guidelines include:
```
plugging and packing of containers
product transfer
overpack drums
flairing of gases
direction of defensive operations
diking, confinement and redirection of materials
Neutralizaton
venting guidelines
vapor dispersion or suppression.
```
271
Entry monitoring is monitoring for what initially?
IDLH and PEL
272
Technical resource assistance includes what resources?
agencies and resources listed on RHMRT resource list
chemtrec/ national response center
industry technical representatives and hotlines
manufacturer and product institutes
governmental or environmental resources.
273
How is the seven (7) person team made up?
```
2-entry
2-backup
1-decon leader
1-hazmat group supervisor
1-hazmat safety officer
```
274
Private contractors for clean-up shall meet what standard and use PPE deemed necessary by who?
29 CFR OSHA 1910.120 Incident commander, safety officers or hazmat group supervisor.
275
How often does Level A CPC get tested?
Annually.
276
electrolyte solutions are ?
50/50 .
277
RHMRT have how long to respond once requested?
5 minutes
278
Control zones are determined by what factors?
```
chemical properties
physical properties
physical state
Size and condition of container
Amt of product leaking
natural barriers
weather
recognized standards from resources.
```
279
Operational persons will operate in what mode during hazmat incidents
Defensive mode.
280
Max amt of time in level A CPCina 24 hour period?
2 cycles of work.
281
How are hazardous materials identified with regard to train cars?
the word "DANGEROUS" is marked beneath the car.
282
When does a person become assigned to research of a chemical?
When the level of response is II, III, IV.
283
Palm Beach county Hazmat ordinance?
98-13
284
What is Level B CPC protection for?
protection from liquid splash and particulate exposure.
285
The ICS structure for a hazmat incident is based on what?
the incident needs.
286
If a contractor resists working with proper PPE then?
compliance should be coordinated through entity contracted, if no compliance then activity for contractor to be terminated until in compliance or another contractor is procured.
287
what is the role of RHMRT?
confinement and containment, then incident priorities.
288
If hazmat victims are in immediate life threatening situations that require medical attention what should be done?
emergency gross decon.
289
What does Level C CPC provide for protection?
solid and liquid splash with known atmospheres and no IDLH
NFPA 1993
290
Overall success of an incident depends on what?
initial operations set up by first arriving agency.
291
What are the pre-entry V/S parameters?
```
BP < 160/100
HR< 120
RR <24
Oral temp >100F (DOT is 97-99.5)
recent medical hx
new medications
open skin conditions or severe sunburn
chemical sensitivity
Upon concurrence of paramedic and assistant Safety officer.
```
292
What are the shipping papers call for a train?
waybills are shipping for products- the CONSIST gives order of cars.
293
Parameters for CGI action levels?
known product >50% LEL
Unknown >25% LEL
confined space >10% LEL
<10-16% most CGI's will not operate properly
< 19.5% O2- wear SCBA while monitoring
23.5% for fire potential of confined space
25% fire potential consult specialist
294
With regards to Decontamination what is the primary objective?
Prevention
295
Medical exam to include what? in addition to regular physical?
```
Complete h/p
occupational hx.
heavy metals screening
RBC cholinesterase
stress test.
```
296
Individual response units will acknowledge what information on PBCF tactical channel fire main?
Enroute to call and request a channel for assignment.
arrival at incident
commencing EXTENDED operations - (if after 4 hours)
Completed assignment and available.
297
Minimum number of technicians to start offensive ops?
7- seven
298
Who assumes command in the absence of a formal command structure or IC?
Hazmat group supervisor.
299
What are the post incident guidelines?
debriefing
cost recovery
PIA
after action reports
300
12 activities of the hazmat group supervisor
1. briefing
2. control zones
3. public protection actions
4. weather
5. environment monitoring
6. site safety plan
7. safety meetings
8. develop IAP
9. safe SOP's followed
10. PPE
11. notifications made
12. 214 forms
301
What steps are to be taken prior entry in exclusion zone?
```
Tactical plan completed
site safety plan ICSHM-208
Pre entry briefing
back up team ready
PPE verified
Decon established.
```
302
Constant monitoring after entry will continue till?
till v/s are returned to pre-v/s status. 3.0% of total body weight is an issue.
303
What is an INITIAL strategy that can be used in DEFENSIVE mode?
Spill control.
304
First response agency technicians can be utilized in what positions only?
Any positions except Entry team members or Hazmat group supervsor.
305
Technical details may be provided to the IC/PIO if selected by who?
Hazmat group supervisor.
306
What is the number of resources that should be used for researching a chemical?
at least 2 preferably 3.
307
Who or which agency is responsible for which zones?
1- PBC
2-WPB
3-PBC
4-Boca/delray
308
Research of a product will consist of the what items?
```
physical properties
PPE
Decon
first aid
antidotes
incompatability
```
309
What is a level 4 incident?
```
classified as major or severe
release of chemical over extended area.
Will spread to a larger area.
HIGHLY TOXIC, VERY REACTIVE UNSTABLE flammable/explosive.
Affects large area and several hours
```
310
The heat stress index is defined as?
above 90F .
311
How often do supervisors and coordinators meet to implement changes to response plan, SOG's, equipment, and training?
Quarterly
312
What is the order for grounding and bonding vehicles?
compromised truck to ground.
Recovery truck to ground.
Compromised truck to recovery truck.
Ohms reading should be 0 or as close as possible.
313
For toxic materials, poisons, and pesticides how to handle during fire conditions?
Considering protecting exposures and allowing to burn.
314
With explosive SPILLS and a SLURRY is present what actions?
Dam and dike
| contact shipper / manufacturer
315
Who is the lead agency for tar ball incidents?
USCG - national response center
316
How are USCG and responsible party samples labeled?
USCG- "A"
| RP- "B"
317
For incidents involving corrosives what are the first steps?
```
Identify material and possible reactivities
isolate non- essential people
establish control zones
CPC
up wind
avoid smoke, vapors etc.
ventilate
additional resources
report spills to state watch office and NRC. request call back from DEP.
```
318
Actions to take for Explosives- TIRE or VEHICLE FIRE
Use water and plenty of it- FLOOD IT.
| Refer to ATF's vehicle bomb explosion hazard and evacuation distance table.
319
In flaring of LPG the exclusion zone must include which area?
areas of radiant heat exposures.
320
How to reduce pressure in cylinders?
Reduce temperature.
321
Who gets contacted for abandoned cylinders?
State watch office and request call back fro DEP.
322
Actions to initially take for radiological incidents?
While ENROUTE- contact state watch office and request call back from dept of health bureau of radiation control.
Establish hot zone or exclusion zone at 1-2mR/hr.
323
What are the radiation levels - maximum exposure for personnel for life saving actvities?
25rem.
324
What is the order for removal of grounding and bonding?
remove recovery to compromised vehicle first
| remove grounding rods last.
325
Clean up for spilled biomedical waste ?
pour 10% bleach solution onto waste and keep contained.
| place absorbent on top to make a dry solid.
326
What are the additional requirements for drums that are abandoned or not marked?
no container should be left on scene unless it has been deemed safe by DEP guidelines..
If drum or container was leaking, ground samples taken..
Notify state watch office and request call back from DEP.
327
Cryogenic emergencies stabilization?
LOX- liquid oxygen can ignite petroleum based products.
| Contact manufacturer
328
When are glove changes required for tar ball sampling?
between collections of each sample including the reference sample.
329
What are examples of shock sensitive chemicals?
crystalized picric
nitrocellulose film
ethers
330
Use of universal precautions is usually adequate unless the material is DOT placarded with ?
6.2 or labeled infectious substance.
331
What are the levels of radiation for packages?
Radioactive I- none to 0.5mR/hr
Radioactive II- 1mR/hr
Radioactive III- 10mR/hr
Vehicle sole use LSA- 200mR/hr.
332
what type of jar is required for sampling tar balls?
4oz. /250ml pre cleaned sampling jars.
333
With Explosive incidents involving a SPILL of DRY POWDER, CRYSTAL or PELLETS?
Dike and contain product
cover product with physical material not reactive
contact shipper / manufacturer
334
For a leaking biomedical/ biological transportation container - actions to take are?
cover with a sheet or porous material
pour bleach over sheet and keep damp
dam and dike areas to contain run-off
wait for disposal instructions
335
For incidents involving Explosive - spill or leak from overturned vehicle?
isolate 2500ft in all directions for SPILLS
identify cargo
minor spills- flammable liquids remove immediately
Large spills- flammable liquids dike and cover w/ foam.
Ground and bond vehicles
336
Define biological waste?
SOLID waste that causes or may cause disease or infection, not limited to biomedical waste
337
Hazmat tanker rollover - LEAKING.- actions?
harness retrieval system for entering spills
dam and dike
hose lines in place prior to entry
stabilize tanker truck
introduce water into tanker for leaks at the bottom.
338
what is the purpose of the Florida hazmat FOG?
to provide guidance for hazmat events that do not regularly occur with in a community.
339
For drums and abandoned containers NOT leaking actions?
Consider all unmarked drums abandoned and containing hazardous materials until determined otherwise.
Note vapors, stresses or dead vegetation/ wildlife
establish decon before and entries.
340
Actions for hazmat tanker incidents including rollovers-? in general
```
proper positioning of vehicles
control zones
escape routes
do not upright low pressure tankers will product still inside
ground and bond
CPC
```
341
Handling of corrosives that involve a spill or leak?
```
extinguish all sources of ignition. May react to form H2 gas.
Avoid getting water into container
prevent run-off
close valves, plug leaks
cover powder spills with tarps or sheets
Consider FOAM.
```
342
What has to be included on the Chain of custody form for tar balls?
all information of sheet
latitude and longitude
USCG and Responsible party samples get separate chain of custody forms.
343
How to mitigate compressed gas emergency?
identify product
avoid spills
NO WATER on pools of liquified gases
344
Hazmat tanker rollovers with no leaks- what actions?
```
determine amt of product
no uprighting of trucks until product off loaded
secure ignition sources
ground and bond before batteries removed
stop traffic 1000ft in all directions
foam
shut off valves, hatch covers
do not separate cab from trailer
determine best method to off load product.
```
345
What needs to be monitored during off loading of flammable liquids?
02 and LEL
346
Most abandoned cylinders contain which 2 gases?
oxygen and acetylene
347
What is the decon procedure for biomedical waste?
use freshly mixed 10% or stronger bleach/ water solution unless advised by the CDC.
348
What are the first steps for "Explosive" incidents?
```
Identify product
eliminate non-essential personnel
Control zones
eliminate ignition sources
CPC
Radio silence
Consult - Naval bomb unit
state fire marshall
Army EOD.
For clandestine labs- DEA
```
349
What are examples of Dry powder, crystal or pellet explosives?
```
black powder
gun powder
smokeless powder
mercury fulmiate
lead azide
PETN
ammonium nitrate
Tetry, di, or tri nitro compounds.
```
350
Sample locations for tar ball collecting is based on what factors?
area impacted shoreline
number of tar balls
size of tar balls
select sample that is representative of impacted area.
351
For drums and abandoned containers - LEAKING actions?
raise any leaking hole above liquid in container
patch, plug to stop leak
place drum in recovery drum- bag the leaking one.
properly mark recovery drum for transport and disposal.
(must be 85 gal, chemical name written, salvage drum must be written , must withstand pressure.
transferring of product.
352
What are the 3 basic objectives with flaring of LPG?
reduce pressure
dispose of vapors
transfer material
353
If a large amt of biomedical or biological waste is involved with a spill,
who may assist with making arrangements for clean-up?
Dept of environmental protection
354
Define biomedical waste?
any solid or liquid waste which poses a threat of infection to humans. Does not include human remains.
355
What are the first 2 actions regarding gas cylinders?
Eliminate ignition sources
| shut off gas supplies remotely
356
For Toxic materials, poisons and pesticides what is the distance to deny entry for unknowns?
330ft.
357
Emergencies involving transportation containers of biomedical or biological waste is handled how?
The same as all other incidents but with the contacting of the "state watch office" and "dept of health " if persons were in contact with product.
358
Actions to take for Explosives - CARGO FIRE?
stop traffic and isolate for 1600m- (1mile) and LET BURN.
| Do not move vehicle or cargo if exposed to heat.
359
When are offensive operations indicated?
considered for room and content fires where SAVABLE lives may exist and structural integrity is intact.
360
What was the IMS requirements compatible with on the national side?
Presidential directive 5.
361
What is the definition of salvage?
tactical operations of protecting property from further damage.
362
What is one of the factors in prioritizing exposures?
amt of radiant heat being produced and distributed.
363
What is the major risk factor on a CBRNE incident?
Secondary contamination.
364
What is defined or when is "investigating" mode applicable?
When the incident nature is unclear or no visible indicators are present.
365
Secondary search should be completed when?
after initial fire control, ventilation, and interior visibility have improved.
during overhaul.
366
What falls under after action review?
informal debriefing AAR- tailboard review
| Informal battalion
367
What is the minimum isolation distance per the ERG on guide 111?
50-100m or 160-330ft in all directions.
368
When does the ICS formally need to be activated?
Upon incident involving 2 or more companies.
369
For larger fires beyond the area of origin what hose lines can be used?
2 1/2 flowing a minimum of 200gpm.
370
When does level 2 staging become activated?
By the IC or operations.
| requires a staging area manager.
371
Define Division?
A geographical area.
372
A "May day" may be used by FF to report their status as what and in what situations?
Lost, trapped, injured and or needing rescue.
```
Rapid hostile fire events
lost trapped or disoriented
collapse
low air alarm
SCBA failure.
```
373
The personnel accountability system falls under who if activated?
Planning sections chief and assigned to resource status unit.
374
What items fall under debriefing?
right to know
| site safety plan review
375
What is level 1 accountability?
Immediately reporting for duty.
376
What are the incident priorities?
Life safety
incident stabilization
property conservation
evidence preservation.
377
To transfer command the "command process" must be complete and includes what?
```
briefing
current situation
unit placements
assignments
review of the Tactical WS.
```
378
Confinement is defined as?
stopping the progress of the fire.
379
The person in charge of a group is ?
a group supervisor.
380
In addition to directive 5 and NFPA 1561 where can one obtain more information and instructional assistance?
NIMS- Fema
| Florida field operations guide October 2012
381
Incident objectives are what?
statements of guidance necessary for the selection of appropriate strategies and tactical direction of resources.
382
The command post should consist of what?
located outside the incident w/ 2 views
a green light
and mobile radio forward or rear mounted preferred.
383
What are the 3 modes of operation:
Offensive
Defensive
Investigating.
384
What are the 2 phases of overhaul?
pre-fire control phase- aggressively pulling ceiling to confine primary fire.
Post control phase- reduce the incidence of secondary fires.
385
the decision to Shelter in place is based on what?
the hazard and risk analysis of the event.
386
When can the 2 in 2 out rule be violated?
If a life a safety situation is known or suspected.
387
What is best way to determine the operating perimeter initially?
Over-estimate the size.
388
What is the RIC designation given to the members during a hazardous materials operation?
BACK UP "TEAM"
389
Overhaul is defined by what parameters?
total extinguishment of all fires
checking for hidden fires or extension
made up of 2 phases.
390
The person responsible for a division is ?
a division supervisor.
391
What is the decision to evacuate from danger based on?
the fact that the public is at greater risk by remaining in or nearby the event area.
392
Define "Group"
Functional areas within an operation. Composed of resources to perform particular functions.
393
What is the command Sequence?
```
Incident priorities
situation evaluation
Development of IAP
- incident objectives
- strategies and tactics
Evaluating the IAP
Demobiliztion
```
394
The initial strategy should be determined when?
by the end of the 1st walk around and size up.
395
What is the decision making for isolation based on?
potential of harm to life
potential harm to critical systems
potential harm to property.
396
What types of incidents require an inner perimeter?
```
suspicious areas
Chemical
biological
contaminated
2ndary devices
radiological.
```
397
Who establishes command?
the first arriving "OFFICER".
398
What components fall under After Action reviews?
Informal debriefing- tail board
Informal battalion- station or battalion review
Formal AAR- Hq.
399
The IAP operational period is how long?
no longer than 24hrs. 12 hrs are common for large scale incidents.
400
The range of tactics is determined by what?
The current strategy in effect.
401
The IAP and supporting information for the plan may be in what forms?
oral or written.
402
What term is used if the primary search yields no occupants found?
All clear.
403
What is the difference between STRATEGY and TACTICS?
Strategy is a broad goal
| Tactics involve details of actions
404
What is the Fire flow formula?
LxW x % involved / 3. = B
For hi rise structures B x # of floors involved = C
405
Extinguishment of a fire can be accomplished by what hose lines and GPMs?
contained to room of origin- 1"3/4 100gpm
outside room of origin - 2" 1/2 200gpm
defensive attacks - 2" 1/2" 200gpm
406
Primary searches are based on what areas first?
most severely threatened
largest number of people
remained of fire area
exposed areas.
407
If there are 2 incidents on the same street how classified?
Use the Hundred block numerical on the second incident.
408
Who determines the operational period?
IC
409
If victims are found on a primary search what needs to be reported?
location
# of victims
egress
completed search or not.
410
What the communication model?
the radio message must be repeated in a brief and concise summary of the intent of the message.
411
Why is ventilation used?
to reduce, re-direct, remove heat / smoke/ and fire gases.
412
With regards to a hazardous materials operation, who ensures RIC?
Entry team leader
413
What is the most dangerous time in an incident?
During the transition of an operation mode is in place.
414
In general offensive fore attach hose lines are what?
1" 3/4 flowing a min of 100gpm
415
the RIC sog is found under what number?
1520
416
What are the acronyms for initial size up?
```
BELOW
Building construction
Extent of fire
Life safety
Occupancy
Water supply
```
COAL WAS WEALTH
construction, occupancy, area, life safety, water supply, apparatus, street conditions, weather, exposures, location of fire, time of day, heights/hazards
WALLACE WAS HOT
water, area, life hazard, location, apparatus, construction, exposures, weather, auxilliary appliances, special matters, height, time
417
When does level 1 staging occur?
automatically during the initial stages of an incident.
418
When is level 3 accountability activated?
hazmat incidents
hi-rise fires
below grade rescue operations
large or complex incidents where SCBA are being used.
419
What is maximized during property conservation?
salvage, overhaul, and mop-up operations
420
What are the 4 components to Termination?
Debriefing
after action procedures
Reporting
Follow up
421
Who is assigned to track personnel in a hazardous environment?
Site access control leader on the accountability board.
422
The risk and hazard analysis for evacuation is based on what?
individuals or population affected.
resources needed to evacuate
resources needed to notify public
ability to identify safe passage and refuge areas.
423
Who requests progress reports?
IC or Ops section chief.
424
What are strategies defined as?
a broad term for what must be done.
RECEOVS
Rescue, exposures, confinement, extinguishment, overhaul, ventilation, salvage.
425
What components fall under "reporting"
STEALTH Report
| Set time, tone, execution, analyze, lessons learned, transfer lessons learned.
426
What defines an exposure?
buildings near the fire building, attached to the building, near the fore but protected by fire walls or divisions.
Amt of radiant heat being produced
a building within 30 ft.
427
What is the IAP?
contains objectives reflecting the overall incident strategy and specific tactics.
428
If 2 or more staging areas are used how are they identified?
By function or location.
429
What types of groups use the democratic approach?
specialized and high technical fire companies.
430
What defines hygiene factors?
conditions that are external to the individual- pay and work conditions.
431
what is the 5 step approach to making decisions?
```
Clear your mind
list options
weigh outcomes
make a choice
evaluate decision.
```
432
What are the 2 general rules for non-emergency activities?
Do not compromise the ability to respond to emergencies
Don not jeopardize the publics trust in the fire dept.
433
What are the 5 overriding principals for motvation? pg 135
```
Recognize individual difference
use goals
ensure goals are perceived and attainable
individualize rewards
check for system equality
```
434
What is the most significant lesson with hygiene theory with respect to the fire department? pg 136
Employees that are dissatisfied with the external conditions or hygiene, will not be motivated to achieve maximum performance.
Once achieved, improving conditions further will not increase performance.
435
What should be included in the radio report for initial responses?
```
Identification of the company arriving at the scene
brief description of incident situation
obvious conditions
brief descriptions of actions to be taken
declaration of strategy
Safety concerns
command
request or release of resources.
```
436
reinforcement theory has 4 types?
Positive- reward for good behavior
Negative- removing an undesirable consequence of good behavior
Extinction-ignoring bad behavior
Punishment- punishing bad behavior
437
What defines reinforcement theory? pg 135.
behavior is a function of its consequence.
438
Expectancy theory is based on what?Pg 136
people act in a manner that they believe will lead to an outcome they value
439
Power is defined as?
the capacity of one party to influence another.
440
Equity theory is based upon what? pg 136
employees evaluate the outcomes they receive for their inputs and compare them with the outcomes others receive for their inputs.
(why some are paid higher than others)
441
When should fire officers briefly review an event?
while on scene or as soon as possible after returning to quarters.
442
Laissez fair style is defined as?
Free rein and depends on FF good judgement. Used with more experienced FF and on routine calls.
443
What are the different "Power Theories"?
Legitimate power-target believes agent has the right to make request.
Reward power- target complies to obtain rewards
Expert power- target complies b/c agent has special knowledge
Referent power- complies due to admiration of agent -seeks approval
Coercive power-target complies to avoid punishment.
444
What are 2 situations that require an Autocratic decision?
orders to evacuate
| FF mayday?
445
Democratic styles are defined as?
consultative, and takes advantage of all ingenuity and resourcefulness of the group to meet an objective or goal.
446
What is the best known motivational theory?
Reinforcement theory.
447
Goal Setting theory is defined by?
relies on the competitiveness of people.
448
Under Power theory, what other categories have been updated?
Personal Power- includes: expert and referent powers
Positional power- includes: legitimate, reward , coercive powers
449
What is the most significant lesson in goal setting theory?
that a fire officer is to consider carefully which actions are needed to improve the organization and develop goals for the FF.
450
Hertzberg's Hygiene theory is based on which 2 factors?
Motivation and hygiene
451
Autocratic approaches are defined as?
needed to maintain a high level of personal control of a group.
452
What defines Motivational factors for Herzberg?
internally motivated factors- recognition, achievement, responsibility, and advancement.
453
What is a goal of an effective fire officer?
to push decision making to the lowest level possible.
454
What are the two situations in which autocratic styles should be used?
high-risk, emergency actvities- ie. primary search and structure fires
when immediate corrective supervisory action is needed.
455
The key to goal setting theory is ? pg 136
the officer to set specific goals that will increase performance.
456
What are the 3 things needed to be addressed for Expectancy theory"
Pg 136
Employee's belief that his or her effort will achieve the goal
Belief that meeting the above goal will lead to the reward
the desire for the reward or rewards are a value to the employee.
457
The company officer is responsible for what 3 things in regards to the crew?
Safety and actions and performance.
458
What defines leadership?
the process by which a person influences others to understand and agree about what needs to be done and how to do it.
459
What are the 4 basic topics mandated for any emergency service training program? pg 147
blood borne pathogens
hazwoper
SCBA fit testing
NIMS
460
Define training?
Achieving proficiency through instruction.
461
What are the 5 steps to developing a "specific training program"
```
Assess needs
Establish objectives
Develop program
Deliver training
Evaluate impact.
```
462
What is the 4 step method?
Method of choice for development of a work improvement plan or new device or procedure.
463
What is the NFPA std for live fire training?
NFPA 1403.
464
What qualities make an effective mentor? pg 146
a desire to help
current knowledge
effective coaching, facilitating, and networking
465
what are the 3 indicators that training is needed?
near miss
fire ground problem
observed deficiency
466
Define mentoring?
a more experienced person helps a less experienced person-
| "protegee
467
Define Coaching?
directing or instructing with aim of achieving or developing specific skills
468
What is the final step in the preparation phase?
to check the physical environment.
469
What is the of the lecture in the presentation phase? pg 145
To increase fire company efficiency.
470
active learning recommends spending no more than ____min presenting a formal lecture or video. The student loses focus after ___to ____ minutes of passive learning. pg 147
10
| 15-20
471
What are the 4 parts to the method.
Preparation
presentation
application
evaluation
472
Difference between Training and Education?
Training- achieving proficiency through instruction.
Education- imparting knowledge or skill through instruction.
473
What are the 4 psychomotor skill levels?
Initial- basic understanding
plateau- competency
latency- over-time understanding
Mastery- - confidence
474
What are the 2 organizations that provide accreditation to fire service professionals ?
National board on Fire service professional Qualifications
and
International Fire Service Accreditation Congress.
475
Define professional development?
Skills and knowledge attained for both personal development and career advancement.
476
The document that lists almost 2000 task for FF is referenced as what?
Pg 154
The trade analysis of Fire Fighting.
477
What is an effective tool to allow experienced FF to improve performance?
Whole skill training.
478
What defines success in the application phase?
task is performed safely and without input from the supervisor.
479
What is the NFPA std for Fire Fighter professional qualifications?
NFPA 1001.
480
What is thew goal during the application phase?
correct demonstration of the task safely performed.
481
Allows the officer to stay on topic and emphasize the important points to be addressed? pg 145
A lesson plan
482
Accreditation is defined as? pg 153.
a collegial process based on self and peer assessment for public accountability and academic quality.
483
Expected behaviors fall into to 3 categories? pg 148
Responding to calls
on scene activity
emergency procedures
484
In the evaluation stage, how does one know that "training has occurred? pg 145
when an observable change in performance is noted when responding to a real situation where the task or skill is applied.
485
A good lesson plan satisfies 4 criteria?
organizes the lesson
identifies key points
can be reused
allows others to teach the program.
486
What are the stages in Thomas Gordon's learning matrix? pg 146
unconscious incompetence- "not aware"
Conscious incompetence- attempting and aware of deficiency
Conscious competence- still needs to concentrate and think to perform
unconscious competence- "second nature"
487
From 1997-2010 what percentages of deaths occurred during training?
77.8 %
488
What are the 3 activities necessary to ensure a good working relationship with supervisor. pg 49
Keep supervisor informed
make appropriate decisions at your level.
Consult with supervisor before making any major disciplinary actions or policy changes.
489
What is the most common reason local govt's are found liable for harassment?
Failure to investigate.
490
How many lawsuits are filed per year to the EEOC? Pg 53
400.
491
What are the 3 recommendations in developing competencies in a company for officers? Pg 48
Develop a personal training library
Know the neighborhood
Use problem solving scenarios.
492
Ethical behavior is? pg 51
decisions and behaviors consistent with :
the dept's core values,
mission statement
value statements.
493
Criteria for fire officer are?
3-5 years
NFPA FO III
Equiv to bachelors degree
494
What is the transition from FF to officer? Pg 44
Probationary FF
Company commmader
Chief officer
Retirement
495
Workplace diversity works under what federal laws? and what do they cover? Pg 51.
EEOC- equal employment opportunity commission
Title VII of the civil rights act of 1964
EEOC 1972- covers all public and private employees w/ 15 or more.
496
Who is considered the father of fire based EMS? pg 46.
James O' page
497
Sexual harassment have the following conditions?
1. Employee is made to feel that he or she has to endure such treatment to remain employed
2. submits or rejects such when making employment decisions
3. Performance is affected
4. intimidating hostile, or offensive work environment.
498
What are considered actionable items? pg 53
Behaviors that require an immediate corrective action by supervisor .
Unacceptable language requires an immediate response.
499
What are the 3 distinct roles for a company officer? pg 46
Supervisor
Commander
trainer
500
What is the definition of command presence? Pg 47
the ability of an officer to project an image of being in control of the situation.
501
What is the company officer level directly responsible for?
Supervision
Performance
safety
502
Where can someone start to file complaints?
Fire dept
Federal level
state level
503
What is sexual harassment?
unwanted, unwelcome, uninvited, and unwelcome attention and intimacy in a non-reciprocal relationship.
504
Integrity refers to ? pg 50.
a complex system of inherent attributes that determine a person's moral and ethical actions
505
The EEOC in 1999 included what guideline? pg 53
sexual harassment.
506
What percentage of complaints are settled by a court decision ?
less than 3 %
507
Quid pro quo is what?
Supervisor specifically promises work related benefits in return for sexual favors.
508
What are the 4 basic tasks for a new fire officer ? pg 42
Beginning of shift report
notifications
decision making
problem solving
509
What should a fire officer due when faced with an unpopular order?
pg 46.
express concerns and objections with his or her supervisor in private.
510
Where should inappropriate behaviors with FF be discussed?
privately.
511
What is the second common reason local govt's are found liable with sexual harassment?
Blaming the person brining the action
512
What is the flow chart for Progressive Negative Discipline?
```
Progressive Neg Discipline
Informal oral or written
Formal written reprimand- (begins paper trail and process)
Suspension- (1-30 days)
Termination
```
513
Feedback on individual performance is most effective when? pg 165
delivered soon as possible after an incident or action.
514
```
Eval
I
I- Problems - NO- annual eval on time
YES
I
work improvement plan 10 weeks prior or immediately
I
Special eval period
I
Self eval 6 weeks prior to annual
I
annual review
```
Is the review process as above.
515
What is the definition of Termination?
the organization has determined that the employee is unsuitable for continued employment.
516
What is one of the most effective strategies within the realm of positive discipline? pg 168
Empowerment.
517
What is the format of discipline- Flow chart?
```
Positive discipline
Negative discipline
- informal oral, written, admonishment ( 1st level of neg discipline)
Progressive Negative discipline
-informal written or oral reprimand
-Formal Written reprimand
-Suspension
-Termination
```
518
What was the Court ruling and what did it represent in the disciplinary process? Pg 176
Loudermill hearing
Ruled that a pre-termination hearing is necessary and serves as a check against a possible mistaken decision.
519
What are the 4 steps for an annual evaluation process?
Fill out standardized form
subordinate allowed to review
face to face feedback
establish goals
520
What is the GOAL of EAP?
to provide counseling and rehabilitation services to get the employee back to full productive duty as soon as possible.
521
Which NFPA std identifies officer II as the level to issue formal evaluations or discipline? pg 171
NFPA 1021
522
What are some reasons an employee continue to be late for work?
```
Child care issues
family crisis
ETOH
coming from a second job
Psychological condition
```
523
What is the purpose of EAP?
Help employees cope with underlying issues that might be affecting workplace performance.
524
What is Leniency?
giving a positive evaluation to allow a more pleasant experience and avoids confrontation.
525
What is the difference between a performance log and T- account?
Performance log- brief description of observations
| T- account- lists assets and liabilities in columns.
526
The evaluation process for probationary FF should be in 4 areas?
Skill competency
job specific task
geographical area
performance of other tasks.
527
The final resolution of a disciplinary action usually resides with who?
Civil service commission or City personnel director.
528
What is the purpose of the Informal written reprimand? pg 169
Allows the employee to understand clearly that the disciplinary issue and have an opportunity to respond.
529
actions by the first officer set the stage for probationary FF for how long? Pg 164
20-40yrs
530
What is the ultimate goal of discipline? Pg 174
FF performance improvement.
531
What is considered the lowest level of discipline in the progressive chain?
Formal written Reprimand.
532
What defines Progressive discipline?
Starting out to correct a problem with positive discipline ad increasing the intensity if the individual fails to respond to the negative form.
533
What is the starting point positive discipline?
Establish expectations for behavior and performance.
534
What is the first level of Negative discipline?
oral, written or admonishment that DOES NOT become part of the employees official record.
535
What are official records that are to be kept for an employees record?
```
Hiring packet
tax withholding
personal actions
evaluation reports
grievances
formal discipline
```
536
How is positive discipline reinforced?
by recognizing performance and rewarding excellent performance.
537
What documentation starts the paper trail for progressive discipline?
pg 175
Formal written reprimand.
538
What are the following review errors 6 of them? pg 174
```
Personal bias- "skews"
Recency- :"last few weeks"
Central Tendency- "middle of the range"
Frame of reference- "personal ideals"
Halo and horn- "based on 1 aspect"
Contrast- "compares subordinates.
```
539
For EAP to be Successful the fire officer must what?
Recognize stress in an employee with multiple signs indicated.
540
Define Positive and Negative discipline?
Positive- help employee recognize problems and improve performance
Negative- punishment for unsatisfactory performance, behavior or failure to respond in a positive way.
541
What are Gordon Dupont's Dirty Dozen? pg 387
```
lack of assertiveness
lack of awareness
lack of communication
lack of knowledge
lack of resources
lack of teamwork
complacency
distraction
fatigue
norms
pressure
stress
```
542
Who is the best position to lead change within the fire dept? pg 395
Fire officer.
543
Under Teamwork, what provides formal structure at task, tactical, and strategic levels?
The Incident Command system
544
What is the difference between active and Latent conditions?
Active- people committed the acts
| Latent- inevitable system issues
545
What is one of the most common human factors that leads to a loss situational awareness? pg 393
the tendency to ignore, or disregard information that is out of context.
546
CRM is an error based model that incorporates 3 items? pg 388
Avoidance
entrapment
mitigation
547
Under teamwork True respect is based on 3 competencies?
personal
technical
social
548
What are the Mental joggers?- personal? pg 395
what do i know that they need to know
what do they know that i need to know
what do we all need to know.
549
What is the 1st indication of a communication error?
a discrepancy between what is going on and what should be occuring.
550
The swiss cheese theory is based on what?
the presence of a hole in one defensive layer not creating a bad outcome but when all the holes align a bad or catastrophic outcome becomes more likkely.
551
Dr James Reason's evaluated what in the error making process?
Systems errors
552
Define communication?
The successful transfer and understanding of a though from one person to another.
553
What is CRM designed to do?
Train team members how to achieve maximum mission effectiveness in a time constrained environment under stress.
554
CRM is what?
A behavioral approach to reducing human error in high risk consequence activities.
555
Fire officers fall into 3 categories when multitasking? pg 391
Reluctant
overwhelmed
Effective assessors.
556
What are the 6 areas of CRM?
```
Communication
Teamwork
Task allocation
critical decision making
situational awareness
Debriefing
```
557
CRM is based off of what incident?
1978 crash of a DC8 aircraft.
558
Define Inquiry?
the process of questioning a situation that causes concern.
559
Situational awareness is what type of factor?
Human factor element
560
Define Advocacy?
a statement of opinion that recommends what the person believes is the proper course of action under a specific set of circumstances.
561
_____ is normal, inevitable occurance.
Human error.
562
Performance is enhanced through what?
training classes, live training, table top exercises, didactic presentations, mentoring, exchanging.
563
Define situational awareness-
an "accurate" perception of what is going on around you and the basis of choosing courses of action now and in the future.
564
If a change to policy or creating a new one where should one begin?
With the results of a Post incident debriefing.
565
What are 5 steps to create a safety culture? pg 387
Provide honest sharing of safety info w/o reprisal from supervisors
adopt a nonpunitive policy towards errors
Take actions to reduce errors in the system
Train in avoidance and detection
Train in evaluating situations, error avoidance, managing safety process
566
_________ __________ creates an environment that fosters open communication, promotes safety, and encourages subornates' belief in the team.
Human Error.
567
Gary klein used to cognitive models- what are they?
RPDM- recognized primed decision making (recognizes plan)
| Naturalistic decision making (how decisions made in environment)
568
Organizations that have embraced CRM have seen how much of a reduction in incidents, accidents, and injuries?
70-89%
569
What document highlighted that pilots were so busy they failed to recognize when the situation was getting out of control? pg 392
The multi-tasking myth- Handling complexity in real world operations 2009.
570
What are the 6 steps to maintain emergency scene situational awareness?
```
Fight the fire
assess the problem (30-60sec)
gather information from all sources
choose the best option
monitor and alter the plan as necessary
be aware of loss of factors: ambiguity, distraction, fixation, overload, complacency, improper procedure, unresolvedness.
```
571
What are the 2 keys in reducing errors from communication?
appropriate assertive behavior
| developing a standard language
572
Who developed CRM?
Nasa in 1979.
573
What is a highly effective technique under teamwork? pg 389
Leading by example
574
What is the key factor in communication?
To focus on what IS right rather than WHO is right.
575
What are the differences between "Task Allocation and "Task overload?
Allocation is dividing responsibilities among individuals and teams
Overload is when the officer exceeds capacity to manage all simultaneous functions and responsibilities.
576
What is Todd Bishop's 5 step assertive process? pg 389
```
Opening attention getter
stating the concern
stating the problem
stating a solution
obtaining agreement or buy in
```
577
What is the most important room in the fire house?
Kitchen
578
What are the 4 classifications of problems an officer may face? pg 225
In- house
internal department issues
External issues
High profile incidents
579
Define Problem?
the difference between the current situation and the desired situation.
580
For Taigman and Dean's Conflict resolution model, where is the employee asked to describe the desired action? pg 234
At step 4- identify the complainants expectation for resolution.
581
What is the first objective within the conflict resolution model?
understand the issue and why the individual is complaining
582
What are the "general decision making process" steps pg 225.
```
Define the problem
generate alternative solutions
select a solution
implement the solution
Evaluate the result.
```
583
What are the 4 possible responses for finding to an investigative report ? pg 232
Take no further action
Recommend action requested by the complainant
Suggest an alternative solution
Refer issue to the office or person who can provide a remedy
584
Define complaint?
an expression of grief, regret, pain, censure, resentment, a lamentation, an accusation or fault finding.
585
Citizens' complaints about codes should be sent where?
Fire marshall
586
Citizens' complaints about personnel should be sent where?
To the supervisor of the individual who is involved in the action.
587
What is the purpose of the investigation? pg 232
to obtain additional information beyond the original complaint
588
The official response to a problem begins when? pg 230
when the officer becomes aware that a problem exists.
589
Define Mistake?
an error or fault resulting from bad judgment, deficient knowledge, or carelessness. Misconception or misunderstanding.
590
What must the implementation plan include? pg 227
a schedule to ensure goals are met.
591
What are the 2 goals with regards to paraphrasing and feedback?
officer has good understanding of the issue
| complainant feels the fire officer really listened
592
What is the best way to prevent major problems ?
deal successfully with minor issues before they reach the crisis stage.
593
What are the steps for taigman and Dean's conflict resolution model?
pg 233
Drain the emotional bubble
understand the complainants viewpoint
help the complainant feel understood
identify the complainants expectation for resolution.
594
What are the steps for the "conflict resolution model?" pg 230
Listen and take detailed notes
active listening
paraphrase and feedback
do not explain or excuse
595
What is the focus of "Customer Satisfaction" pg 235
Meeting the customers' expectations
596
What is the most challenging phase of the decision process?
implementation of the solution or phase
597
What is the "product" of an investigation?
the report itself
598
Citizens' complaints are of 3 general types? pg 235
conduct of a FF
performance of service delivery
Fire Dept policy.
599
The problem has not been solved until when? pg 227
the solution is implemented.
600
Problems should be solved on what level? pg 225
at the lowest possible level within the organization.
601
What 3 things objectives should be contained within the investigative report?
1. it identified and clearly explained the issues
2. provide a complete, factual presentation of background and facts
3. a recommended action plan which is supported by the information.
602
If a citizens' complaint deals with an operational issue where should the complaint be sent? pg 235
Chief of operations
603
define conflict?
a state of opposition between 2 parties.
a conflict usually causes a complaint.
604
What factor distinguishes a fire officer from a fire fighter? pg 230
the responsibility to act as an agent of the formal organization.
