spotter questions

Question 1

what are the roots of the lumbosacral trunk?

Answer 1

L4-L5

Question 2

what are the nerve roots of the pudendal nerve?

Answer 2

S2-S4

Question 3

what are the three branches of the pudendal nerve?

Answer 3

inferior anal, perineal, dorsal sensory nerves

Question 4

what foes the inferior anal nerve supply?

Answer 4

external anal sphincter

Question 5

what does the perineal branch nerve supply?

Answer 5

external urethral sphincter

Question 6

what do the dorsal sensory nerves supply?

Answer 6

erectile tissue

Question 7

what trunk of the internal iliac artery does the superior gluteal artery branch from?

Answer 7

posterior trunk

Question 8

what tunnel does the internal pudendal artery pass through?

Answer 8

in the pudendal canal on the lateral wall of the fatty inch-anal fossa

Question 9

what tunnel does the obturators artery pass through?

Answer 9

obturator canal

Question 10

what does the bulbospongiosus surround in the female?

Answer 10

bulb of the vestible

Question 11

what happens of the perineal body is significantly weakened?

Answer 11

prolapse - rectocele or enterocele

Question 12

what event occurs in the ampulla of the uterine tube?

Answer 12

fertilisation

Question 13

what ligaments form suspensory support for the uterus

Answer 13

uterosacral, transverse cerical, pubocervical

Question 14

what is the composition of the inferior hypogastric plexus?

Answer 14

both sympathetic and parasympethic fibres

Question 15

what is the lymphatic drainage of the left ovary?

Answer 15

para-aortic lymph nodes

Question 16

what vessels lie superior to the pelvic ureter in the female

Answer 16

uterine arteries

Question 17

what are three age related changes in the female pelvis

Answer 17

vaginal atrophy, adipose deposition around pelvic viscera and thinning of pelvic floor muscles

Question 18

what is the external spermatic fascia derived from?

Answer 18

external oblique aponeurosis

Question 19

what empties sperm into the head of the epididymis?

Answer 19

efferent ductules

Question 20

what compartment are the bulbourethral glands located in?

Answer 20

deep perineal pouch

Question 21

what does the ischiocavernosus muscle wrap around and what is its innervation?

Answer 21

wraps around the crura of corpus cavernous and its innervation is the pudendal nerve

Question 22

what zone is the prostatic urethra associated with?

Answer 22

transitional zone

Question 23

what is the blood supply and the lymphatic drainage of the prostrate?

Answer 23

inferior vesical artery

internal iliac nodes

Question 24

what are features that form the pelvic brim?

Answer 24

arcuate line of the pelvis
pectoral line
sacral promontory

Question 25

what nerve passes behind the sacrospinous ligament?

Answer 25

pudendal nerve

Question 26

what are three structures that pass through the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 26

pudendal nerve, internal pudendal vessels and obturators interns tendon

Question 27

what is a variant of the kidney?

Answer 27

extra-hilar renal artery

Question 28

how many vascular segments are in the kidney?

Answer 28

5

Question 29

Which preganglionic sympathetic fibres synapse with the ganglia around the superior mesenteric artery?

Answer 29

lesser splanchnic nerves

Question 30

what is the specific embryological origin of the kidney?

Answer 30

Mesenchyme of the Metanephros which Comes from Intermediate Mesoderm

Question 31

what fold attaches to the superior surface of the superior surface of the apex of the bladder

Answer 31

median umbilical fold

Question 32

what type of fibres contract the detrusor muscle?

Answer 32

parasympathetic fibres

Question 33

what is the specific blood supply of the pancreas?

Answer 33

greater pancreatic branch of splenic artery

Question 34

what ligament does the colic surface of the spleen sit on?

Answer 34

phreno-colic ligament

Question 35

what is the embryological origin of the uncinate process of the pancreas?

Answer 35

derivative of the ventral pancreatic bud

Question 36

what major vessels lie directly anterior to the uncinate process of the pancreas?

Answer 36

superior mesenteric vessels

Question 37

which ligament does the splenic artery lie in?

Answer 37

splenorenal ligament

Question 38

name two branches of the splenic artery to the stomach

Answer 38

short gastric artery and the left gastro-omental arteries

Question 39

what ligament do the branches of the splenic artery to the stomach lie in?

Answer 39

gastrosplenic ligament

Question 40

what is the cystic artery going to the gallbladder a branch of most commonly>

Answer 40

right hepatic artery

Question 41

what channels combine to form the common hepatic duct?

Answer 41

right and left hepatic ducts

Question 42

what is the remnant of the ligamentum venousum?

Answer 42

ductus venosus which shunted oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava

Question 43

what circumstances if the liver palpable in the living body?

Answer 43

only palpable during deep inspiration if it is enlarged

Question 44

what layers does the perirenal fat lie between?

Answer 44

fibrous capsule of the kidney and renal fascia

Question 45

what are the roots of the ilioinguinal nerve?

Answer 45

L1

Question 46

what is the sensory distribution of the ilioinguinal nerve?

Answer 46

supplies skin over anterior scrotum/labia

Question 47

how many pairs of lumbar arteries are there?

Answer 47

4 pairs

Question 48

what nerves supply the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 48

subcostal (t12) and iliohypogastric nerves (L1)

Question 49

which ligament does the left gastric artery run in?

Answer 49

hepatogastric ligament

Question 50

what ligament does the right gastro-mental artery run in?

Answer 50

gastrocolic ligament

Question 51

what do the left and right vagus nerve become in the abdomen?

Answer 51

Left- anterior vagal trunk | right posterior vagal trunk

Question 52

characteristics of the ileum

Answer 52

shorter vasa recta, more arterial arcades and more fat in the mesentery

Question 53

what does the ileocolic artery supply?

Answer 53

terminal ileum, caecum and appendix

Question 54

what are the precise blood supply of the stomach fundus?

Answer 54

short gastric arteries

Question 55

what are the precise blood supply of the ascending colon

Answer 55

right colic artery

Question 56

what two vessels have an anastomosis together in the transverse mesocolon?

Answer 56

middle colic artery from the SMA and left coils artery from the IMA form the marginal anastomosis

Question 57

what tissue foes the sigmoid arteries run in?

Answer 57

sigmoid mesocolon

Question 58

where do the free tania coli with mental and mesocloic teniae converge?

Answer 58

appendix

Question 59

which vertebrae does the sigmoid colon end?

Answer 59

s3

Question 60

what division of the primitive gut does the pyloric antrum come from?

Answer 60

foregut

Question 61

what division of the primitive gut foes the horizontal duodenum come from?

Answer 61

midgut

Question 62

which part of the GI tract are the place circulares in?

Answer 62

jejunum

Question 63

which part of the GI tract are the place semilunares in?

Answer 63

colon

Question 64

which layers are the circular folds of the intestine composed of?

Answer 64

mucosa and submucosa

Question 65

what empties out of the major duodenal papilla?

Answer 65

bile and pancreatic juices

Question 66

what part of the duodenum is intraperitoneal?

Answer 66

superior part

Question 67

what is the blood supply of the duodenum?

Answer 67

superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

Question 68

describe the blood supply of the oesophagus

Answer 68

upper 1/3 = inferior thyroid artery middle 1/3 = descending thoracic aorta lower 1/3 = left gastric artery

Question 69

what division of the primitive gut is the transverse rectal fold derived from?

Answer 69

hindgut

Question 70

state the venous blood flow of the dentate (pectinate) line

Answer 70

``` above = portal circulation below = systemic circulation ```

Question 71

what is the sensory nerve supply of the dentate (pectinate line)

Answer 71

``` above = lumbar splanchnic nerve below = pudendal nerve ```

Question 72

what is the epithelium of the dendate?

Answer 72

``` above = simple columnar from endoderm below = stratified squamous from ectoderm ```

Question 73

what attaches to there igth crus of diaphragm?

Answer 73

body of L3

Question 74

what muscles contribute to the anterior rectus sheath

Answer 74

external and internal oblique aponeurosis

Question 75

what other structures pass through the vena cava, oesophageal and aortic hiatuses?

Answer 75

aortic- thoracic duct oesophageal- vagus nerves vena cava- phrenic nerve

Question 76

what runs in the medial umbilical fold?

Answer 76

obliterated umbilical artery

Question 77

what fold does the inferior epigastric branch of the external iliac artery run in?

Answer 77

lateral umbilical fold

Question 78

what type of hernia occurs lateral to the inferior epigastric branch

Answer 78

indirect inguinal hernia

Question 79

what does the omental (epipolic) foramen connect and what two vessels lie in-between?

Answer 79

connects create sec with lesser sac | lies between portal vein and IVC

Question 80

which organs make the anterior and posterior borders of f the lesser sac?

Answer 80

stomach- anterior border | pancreas- posterior border

Question 81

which vessels are related to the right/ vs left inframesocolic spaces?

Answer 81

superior mesenteric branches - right | inferior mesenteric branches- left

Question 82

what do the dorsal and ventral mesogastrium become?

Answer 82

dorsal- greater momentum and spleen develops in it | ventral becomes lesser momentum and liver develops in it