squint

Question 1

if a child comes in with a squint what do u do

Answer 1

refer to paed optham

Question 2

what happend if u dont treat a squint

Answer 2

require glasses to correct a refractive error

occlusion therapy to treat an amblyopia

corrective surgery for misalignment of eyes.

Question 3

define squint

Answer 3

misalignment of the visual axes. Squints may be divided into concomitant (common) and paralytic (rare)

Question 4

concomitant squint?

Answer 4

Due to imbalance in extraocular muscles
Convergent is more common than divergent

angle of the squint is the same in all directions of gaze

Question 5

paralytic squint

Answer 5

Due to paralysis of extraocular muscles

Question 6

how to detect squint

Answer 6

corneal light reflection test - holding a light source 30cm from the child’s face to see if the light reflects symmetrically on the pupils

Question 7

define phoria/latent squint

Answer 7

eye turns only when it is covered or shut

eyes deviate only when fusion blocked (latent)

see it when you do alternate cover test

double vision not there all the time

Question 8

define tropia/manifest squint

Answer 8

eyes are open and being used

visual axis of each eye do not intersect at point of fixation (manifest)

identify it with cover test

there all the time

Question 9

causes of squint

Answer 9

• Congenital – within 6 months (unknown
  cause)
• Refractive errors – anisometropia, myopia,
  hypermetropia, astigmatism
• Others – tumour (retinoblastoma), cerebral
  pasly, down syndrome

Question 10

cover test for manifest squint/phoria

Answer 10

when the straight eye is covered, the squinting eye will have to move to align with the fixation objection. It is this movement that the examiner is looking for.

Question 11

cover test for latent squint/tropia

Answer 11

moving the cover slowly back and forwards between the eyes and not letting the eyes regain use together until the test is finished (the alternate cover test)