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SS 3 Derm Flashcards

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1
Q

Which one causes pruritis
Where are the mites located

A

Sarcoptes causes pruritis; Demodex never causes pruritis

The Démodéx canis mites are deep and will need to cause capillary bleeding to scrap it
Demodex gatoi, Cheyletiella, Sarcoptes are surface scraping

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2
Q

To look at root and tip and shaft of hair to diagnose

A

Trichogram - that looks for the stage of hair follicle
Dermatophytes (hyphae / spores)
Ectoparasites

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3
Q

Worst Area to get a cytology from is

A

A dry area/lesion because cant do impression

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4
Q

Cytology Types and why

A

Cytology:
• Fine Needle Aspirate: neoplasia, tumor plaque, abscess
• Swab: ears/ wet/ nail bed
• Impression: exudative/ crust
• Scotch tape : dry waxy (skin/foot folds)
Heat fix+ DiffQuik (not gram staining)
Mineral oil + Condenser up

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5
Q

Yeast in ear, skin fold, vulva, paw—> identify with cytology

A

Malassezia pachydermatis which is only significant if clinical signs (itching/pruritis)
-if 0.5-1 in high power field

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6
Q

How to tell if
- Staph pseudointermedius
-Pseudomonas aerugenosa
- Simonsiella
is pathogenic

A
  • Staph pseudointermedius
    If it has degenerate neutrophils in cytology

-Pseudomonas aerugenosa (rod on ear or skin cytology)
Always pathogenic

  • Simonsiella bacteria
    Normal in oral cavity and biting bc pruritis
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7
Q

When would you culture even if no organisms are seen on cytology

A

If there are degenerate neutrophils with macrophages and ,lymphocytes

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8
Q

Keratocytes vs corneocytes

A

Keratocytes are nucleated (fat round) and are made in stratum basale of the epidermis and become the dead non-nucleated corneocytes (long skinny) of the stratum corneum
- Shoudl not see keratinocytes on the surface skin

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9
Q

What you’ll see if bacteria

A

Intact pustule
Epidermal Collarette (broken pustule)
Draining tract
Purulent d/c from ears

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10
Q

Inflammatory Cells you’ll see on cytology
Neutrophils
Eonsinophils
Macrophages and lymphocytes
Mast cells
Epithelial cells

A

Neutrophils degenerate : bacterial pyoderma

Neutrophils non-degen: Immune rx, foreign body, pemphigus foliaceues

Eosinophils: Parasites, foriegn body, Mast cell tumor, pemphigus foliaceues

Macrophages and lymphocytes: for more chronic and deeper lesions
• macrophage is vacoulated and degenerate

Mast sparse =parasite/allergy; a lot =tumor

Epithelial cells : Non-nucleated corneocytes = normal on surface; nucleated keratocytes in surface = abnormal epithelial cell turnover

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11
Q

If doing FNA or biopsy of a nodule

A

Give diphenhydramine to avoid problems if its a mast cell that granulates

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12
Q

What fluoresces with a woods lamp? Dermatophyte hint

A

Microsporum canis 50% of time
- only affected hairs fluoresce

Have false neg (iodine/50%) and false positives (sebaceous adenitis)—> use fungal culture with DTM [if red in 3-10 days = dermatophyte ]

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13
Q

What test for collecting fungi from skin?

A

Mackenzie brush technique onto DTM

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14
Q

Which Fungi have both macroconidia and microconidia?

A

The microsporum gypseum and trichophyton mentagrophyte

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15
Q

Tissue culture vs Skin biopsy

A

Both use punch biopsy
With tissue culture it is if nodule or draining tract [its bacteria]
- cut off epidermal layer

Skin biopsy : neoplasia, autoimmune (pemphiphagus), sebaceous adenitis [woods lamp + ddx], pos parasites/bacteria/fungal
- use edge and anesthetic and be careful of the tissue [hypodermic needle]

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16
Q

Stain for cytology

A

DiffQuik: not from gram neg or positive - just to see -purple; bacteria and inflammatory cell composition
Acid Fast for mycobacteria
GMS for cytology of fungi

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17
Q

Fungi in cytology vs in fungal culture

A

GMS stain for fungal in cytology ; but with skin scrape or tape lactophenol cotton blue in fungal culture

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18
Q

Which layer of the epidermidis is thicker at the foot pads, and the nasal planum and mucocutaneous Junction

A

Epidermal spinosum

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19
Q

Keratohyalin granules

A

Are in the stratum grandulosum and have things that help the spinosum cells become the corneum

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20
Q

Adhesion between keratinocytes

A

With adhesion junctions and desmosome

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21
Q

Immune mediated disease that only affects nail beds and claw

A

Symmetric lupoid onychodystrophy
Licking paws, cause lameness, and sloughing, usually affects more than one part in more than one digit
Doxycycline and niacinamide
Brittle claw and sloughing → cycles so its clinically diagnosed

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22
Q

Hair cycle

A

Grows in stages (anagen catagen telegen and POS exogen)
-doodles have long anlagen phase of growing

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23
Q

A bulla or a vesicle

Study These Flashcards
A

Have fluid within that is not Perulent
In large animals, they signify a viral disease
In small animals it’s an auto immune disease
Vesicles are less than .5 cm and are more likely to be in vascular stomatitis or foot and mouth disease.

24
Q

Most common cause of pyoderma

Study These Flashcards
A

Staphylococcus psedintermedius
It causes expanding epidermal collarette
Bacterial folliculitis , bacterial impetigo,  exfoliative, superficial pyoderma

25
What is a thickening, of just the stratum corneum?
Hyperkeratosis
26
What is the thickening of the epidermidis fully?
Lichenification
27
Linear erosion
Excoriation
28
How do you tell the difference between spontaneous versus secondary alopecia? What test is diagnostic?
Trichogram Whether there's damage to heir follicles and if it comes off easily
29
Scale versus crust
A scale is just stratum corneum Crust is stratum, corneum and inflammatory cells So a scale can be a crust, but a crust can’t be a scale
30
What is the most common presentation of pemphigus foliaceous?
Crusts which are inflammatory cells, and blood and dried exudate and debris
31
Hyperadrenocorticism or increase steroids causes thinning of skin
Steroids, inhibit, fibroblasts from making collagen
32
The difference between short haired dogs and average dogs in bacterial folliculitis pathogenesis
In normal dogs first there’ll be a papule, then pustule, then a crust. In the axlla in the medial aspect of the limbs, and on the ventral aspect of the body. In short hair dogs, there is a spontaneous multifocal alopecia in the trunk and in the extremities
33
What are the specific drugs that you can’t give to staphylococcus pseud intermedius?
Give cephalosporins or potentiated amoxicillin, which is amoxicillin and Clavalaunic acid This is a beta lactamase bacteria, which would make a amoxicillin penicillin, and ampicillin ineffective The last line of treatment is flora quinolones, like Enrofloxacin or baytral
34
Is a methicillin resistant staph psuedintermediate, more virulent?
MRSP is not more virulent than a methicillin susceptible drug MRSP -resistant to beta iactãamase resistant antibiotics Mdr- multidrug resistance
35
What is the most common auto immune disease in dogs and cats?
Pemphigus foliacelus
36
To diagnose with pemphigus foliaceous what you have to do first
You have to rule out pyoderma, which is infectious In pemphigus foliaceous, you’re going to see non-degenerative neutrophils with acantholytic keratocyles but no bacteria
37
What disease processes have acantholytic keratinocytes
Pyoderma (puppy pyoderma) Dermatophytosis Pemphigus foliaceous
38
Treatment for pemphigus, foliaceous, and dogs versus cats
Dogs 1 with prednisone, prednisone pulse therapy 2 after 4-6 weeks if it didn’t work, add azanthiopine. Cat 1 oral HIGHER prednisone therapy NO PULSE THERPY 2 add cyclosporine or Chlorambucil  Many are euthanized because of poor respond to therapy or bad response to steroids After three months, if it doesn’t work, then referred to a dermatologist
39
Steroids can cause
Diabetes mellitus and Cutaneous atrophy of the skin which will tear it (fibroblast, not being allowed to create collagen)
40
Alopecia X
Root bulb is thinner -unknown cause - falls out bc no anchor
41
Hard to get cytology on dry area
Tape prep
42
If dermatology lesions are bilaterally symmetric
Systemic problem like hypothyroid or Pemphigus foliaceus
43
What is always puritic?
Scabies and yeast Demodex does not cause pruritis
44
Seborrhea
Excessive scaling - happens with hypothyroidism
45
Will hair falloff spontaneous In hypothyroid
' No needs friction which slows the hair cycle
46
Calcinosis cutis is pathoneumoni2 for
Hyperadrendcorism
47
What are the difference with Demodex gatoi?
On the stratum conneum, contagious Need to do superficial skin scrap Small oval fat Cause pruritus
48
How to rule out demodex gatoi
Treat for a month and see if the pruritis is gone
49
Why does a Positive PCR culture for dermatophytosis not mean that its true
Because It may be : Contamination w fomites Non-viable spores Non-clinical
50
In Foot and mouth disease Amplifying host Disease indicator Silent carriers/Maintenance hose
Amplifying host - pig Disease indicator - cattle Silent carriers/Maintenance host - small ruminant
51
When cytotoxic T cells attack the pigment melanocytes When cytotoxic T cells attack the stratum basal cells
When they attack the melanocytes, it’s uveodermatological syndrome When they attack the stratum Pezzali cells, it is cutaneous lupus erythematosus
52
Which one is the most deep erosion/ulcer forming auto immune disease? pemphigus foliaceous Uveodermatologic syndrome Autoimmune subepidermal blistering dermatosis Cutaneous, lupus erythematosus
The deepest is the auto immune sub epidermal blistering dermatosis -this attacks the basement membrane anchoring structures separating the epidermis from the dermis pemphigus foliaceous- attacks the desmosomes in the epidermidis layers Uveodermatologic syndrome -attacks the melanocytes that transfer of pigment onto the skin and eye which are at the level of the stratum basal cells Cutaneous, lupus erythematous- attack the stratum basal cells causing apoptosis
53
What is the difference between a scale and a crust?
Scale can be a part of a crust, but across can’t be a part of the scale Scale is just stratum corneum also known as flakes Crust is inflammatory, cells, fibrin and red blood cells
54
The Epidermal turnover rate refers to
The time it takes for cells that are in the stratum basal to differentiate into the cells that are in the CORNEUM It is usually 25 days for dogs and changes in the cornification process can lead to scales or hyperkeratosis
55
What species is canine primary saborrehia, the most common in
Cocker spaniels Affects the Epidermal turnover rate Where is ichthyosis affects the intracellular, lipid and stratum corneum
56
When a poodle loses their curly hair and it’s now wavy what auto immune disease would it be?
Sebaceous adenitis It would also start dorsally and then move caudaventrally Are involves scaling and follicular casts in Long coated breeds like poodles In short, couldn’t breathe, there is multifocal annular regions of scaling in alopecia - the alopecia is reminiscent of bacterial folliculitis in short haired breeds
57
Do the number of yeast on cytology reflect the severity of disease
No it does not Some dogs with abundant yeast on cytology are asymptomatic with no skin lesions, others with very few yeast exhibit severe skin lesions.

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