Stages of a criminal trial, including submission of no case to answer

Question 1

What is the first step in a criminal trial?

Answer 1

The prosecution delivers an opening speech summarizing the case and outlining the key evidence it will rely on.

Question 2

What occurs during the prosecution’s evidence stage?

Answer 2

The prosecution calls live witnesses (such as arresting officers) and introduces statements, subject to evidential rules. The defense then cross-examines, and the prosecution may re-examine witnesses if needed.

Question 3

When can a defense submit “no case to answer” and on what grounds?

Answer 3

fter the prosecution’s case closes, the defense may argue that either:

(1) no essential element has been proven

(2) the prosecution’s evidence is so weak or discredited that no reasonable jury could convict.

Question 4

What happens if the “no case to answer” submission is rejected?

Answer 4

The defense presents its case by calling witnesses, including possibly the defendant, who will be cross-examined by the prosecution and re-examined by the defense.

Question 5

What occurs after all evidence is presented in a trial?

Answer 5

The defense gives a closing speech (having the last word), followed by the judge giving directions to the jury, who then retire to deliberate and deliver a verdict.

Question 6

What are the stages of a criminal trial, in order?

Answer 6

1. Prosecution Opening Speech — Brief outline of the case and evidence.
2. Prosecution Evidence — Witnesses called and cross-examined; possible re-examination by prosecution.
3. Submission of No Case to Answer — Defense may argue that prosecution evidence is insufficient or discredited.
4. Defense Case — Defense presents witnesses (including the defendant), followed by cross-examination and re-examination.
5. Closing Speeches — Defense usually gives a closing speech to have the last word.
6. Judge’s Directions to Jury — Judge explains legal principles and provides necessary guidance (e.g., Turnbull Direction).
7. Jury Deliberation and Verdict — Jury retires to deliberate and deliver a verdict.