Stains/Agar/Virulence Factors

Question 1

Staining carbolfuchsin ( then decolorizing with acid alcohol

Answer 1

Acid Fast Staining

Question 2

Acid Fast Staining stains what? What organisms?

Answer 2

Mycolic acid

Nocardia, Mycobacteria

Question 3

Which Stains Giemsa (Geisha)?

Answer 3

Beetches Really Trying to Play Chinese

Borrelia, Rickettsia, Trypanosomes, Plasmodium, Chlamydia

Question 4

Which Stains PAS (+)? What does it stain for?

Answer 4

PASS the SUGAR

Stains glycogen, mucopolysaccharides; used to diagnose Whipple disease

Question 5

Silver Stain?

Answer 5

Fungi (e.g., Pneumocystis),
Legionella,
Helicobacter pylori

Question 6

Chocolate agar used for? Components?

Answer 6

H. influenzae

NAD+ and Hematin

Question 7

Thayer-Martin agar used for? Components?

Answer 7

N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis
Vancomycin (inhibits gram-positive organisms), Trimethoprim, Colistin (inhibits gram- negative organisms except Neisseria), and Nystatin (inhibits fungi)
Very Truely Cultures Neisseria

Question 8

Bordet-Gengou agar used for?

Answer 8

Bordet for Bordetella Pertussus

Question 9

Löwenstein-Jensen agar used for?

Answer 9

TB

Question 10

Eaton agar used for? components?

Answer 10

M. pneumoniae

cholesterol

Question 11

Lactose-fermenting enterics?

Answer 11

MacConkey agar=>pink

Question 12

Eosin–methylene blue (EMB) agar?

Answer 12

E. coli=>green

Question 13

Charcoal yeast extract agar? Components?

Answer 13

Legionella

buffered with cysteine and iron

Question 14

Sabouraud agar?

Answer 14

Fungi

Sab’s a fun guy!”

Question 15

Aerobes?

Answer 15

Nocardia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and MycoBacterium tuberculosis

Nagging Pests Must Breathe.

Question 16

Anaerobes?

Answer 16

Fusobacterium, Clostridium, Bacteroides, and Actinomyces

Anaerobes Frankly Can’t Breathe Air.

Question 17

Anaerobes are generally?

Answer 17

foul smelling, difficult to culture and produce gas

Question 18

Which Antibiotic is ineffective against anaerobes?

Answer 18

AminO2glycosides are ineffective against anaerobes because these antibiotics require O2 to enter into bacterial cell.

Question 19

Obligate Intracellular

Answer 19

Rickettsia, CHlamydia, COxiella

Stay inside (cells) when it is Really CHilly and COld

Question 20

Encapsulated bacteria are?

Answer 20

SHiNE SKiS
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type B, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and group B Strep

Question 21

In encapsulated bacterias what are the virulence factor used for?

Answer 21

Capsule is used for antiphagocytosis

Question 22

What are the encapsulated vaccines?

Answer 22

Pneumococcal vaccine: PCV (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, i.e., Prevnar
H. influenzae type B,
Meningococcal vaccine

Question 23

Catalase + organisms

Answer 23

Nocardia, Pseudomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, Candida, E. coli, Staphylococci, Serratia

Question 24

Yellow sand?

Answer 24

Actinomyces israelii

Question 25

Yellow pigment?

Answer 25

S. aureus

Question 26

Green?

Answer 26

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 27

Red?

Answer 27

Serratia marcescens—red pigment

Question 28

What binds to the Fc region of IgG?

Answer 28

RF-IgM | Protein A

Question 29

What does Protein A do? Expressed by?

Answer 29

Prevents opsonization and phagocytosis. Expressed by S. aureus

Question 30

IgA protease? Which organisms?

Answer 30

Enzyme that cleaves IgA. | Secreted by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae type B, and Neisseria (SHiN)

Question 31

Which is IgA protease needed?

Answer 31

in order to colonize respiratory mucosa.

Question 32

M protein is seen in? Which organism?

Answer 32

Acute Rheumatic Fever, Group A strep

Question 33

Why is M protein used? what is the phenonmenon called?

Answer 33

Helps prevent phagocytosis | epitopes to human cellular proteins (molecular mimicry)

Question 34

Needle-like protein appendage facilitating direct delivery of toxins from certain gram-negative bacteria? Type what?

Answer 34

Injectisome | Type III secretion system

Question 35

What organisms use injectisome?

Answer 35

Gram (-)