Toxins

Question 1

Which Toxin is secreted from cell?

Answer 1

Exotoxin

Question 2

Which Toxin is a polypeptide?

Answer 2

Exotoxin

Question 3

Where is the location of a gene in Endotoxin?

Answer 3

Bacterial chromosome

Question 4

Which Toxin is more toxic?

Answer 4

Exotoxin

Question 5

Name 3 effects of Endotoxins?

Answer 5

Fever, Shock (hypotension), DIC

Question 6

Name 3 Modes of Action of Endotoxins?

Answer 6

TNF, IL-1, IL-6

Question 7

Which toxin induces high-titer antibodies called antitoxins?

Answer 7

Exotoxin

Question 8

Which toxin uses Toxoids as vaccines?

Answer 8

Exotoxin

Question 9

Which Toxin is stable at 100oC?

Answer 9

Endotoxin

Question 10

Examples of Endotoxin disease?

Answer 10

Meningococcemia

Question 11

C. diphtheriae produces what kind of toxin?

Answer 11

Diphtheria toxin

Question 12

This toxin is most similar to which toxin?

Answer 12

Exotoxin A of Pseudomonas

Question 13

What does Diptheria toxin/Exotoxin A MOA?

Answer 13

Inactivate elongation factor (EF-2)

Question 14

Diptheria toxin produces what kind of symptoms?

Answer 14

Pharyngitis with pseudomembranes in throat and severe lymphadenopathy (bull neck)

Question 15

Shigella spp. produces a toxin that is most similar to?

Answer 15

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)

Question 16

Shiga toxin MOA?

Answer 16

MOA: Inactivate 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA

Question 17

Similarity and Difference between Shigella and EHEC toxin?

Answer 17

Similarity: Both Cause HUS

Difference: EHEC does not invade host cells

Question 18

Diptheria toxin and Shiga toxin are similar in that they both?

Answer 18

Inhibit protein synthesis

Question 19

ETEC has two toxins what are they?

Answer 19

Heat-labile toxin (LT)

Heat-stable toxin

Question 20

Difference between ETEC toxins?

Answer 20

Labile in Chloride and Air=>cAMP

Stable on the Ground=>cGMP

Question 21

Bacillus anthracis’ Edema Toxin and Cholera’s Toxin is similar in MOA to?

Answer 21

Heat-Labile Toxin

Question 22

Heat-Labile Toxin MOA?

Answer 22

Increase Cl− secretion in gut and H2O efflux

Question 23

Heat-Stable Toxin MOA?

Answer 23

Decreased resorption of NaCl and H2O in gut

Question 24

Bordetella Pertussis toxin MOA?

Answer 24

MOA: Increased cAMP=>impaired Phagocytosis to permit survival of microbe

Question 25

Whooping cough?

Answer 25

Whoops on inspiration

Question 26

Pertussis is associated with leukocytosis, what kind?

Answer 26

Lymphocytic leukocytosis

Question 27

ETEC, Anthrax and Vibrio have 1 thing in common, what is that?

Answer 27

They all increase fluid secretions

Question 28

Clostridium tetani and botulinum toxin MOA?

Answer 28

Proteases that cleave SNARE (required for release of neurotransmitter)

Question 29

Tetani inhibits? Symptoms?

Answer 29

Inhibitory (GABA and glycine) neutrotransmitters from Renshaw cells=> Spasticity, risus sardonicus (the grin), lock jaw (LOCKED!)

Question 30

Botulinum inhibits?

Answer 30

Stimulatiory (Ach)=> Flaccid paralysis, floppy baby

Question 31

Tetani and Botulinum have 1 thing in common, what is that?

Answer 31

Inhibit release of neurotransmitter

Question 32

Clostridium perfringens and Streptococcus pyogenes have 1 thing in common, what is that?

Answer 32

They both Lyse cell membranes

Question 33

Clostridium perfringens toxicity is most similar to?

Answer 33

Streptococcus pyogenes toxin

Question 34

C. perfringens, Alpha toxin: MOA?

Answer 34

Phospholipase (lecithinase) that degrades tissue and cell membranes

Question 35

What does degradation lead to?

Answer 35

Degradation of phospholipids=> 1. ?myonecrosis (“gas gangrene”) 2. hemolysis (“double zone” of hemolysis on blood agar)

Question 36

Streptolysin O Toxin? MOA? Result?

Answer 36

Protein that degrades cell membrane Lyses RBCs; contributes to β-hemolysis

Question 37

Difference between Alpha toxin and Streptolysin O toxin?

Answer 37

Alpha: Double Zone hemolysis Steptolysin=>ß hemolysis

Question 38

Staphylococcus aureus makes what toxin?

Answer 38

Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1)

Question 39

Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) is most similar to what toxin?

Answer 39

S. pyogenes | Exotoxin A

Question 40

Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) MOA?

Answer 40

Binds to MHC II and TCR outside of antigen binding site to cause overwhelming release of IL-1, IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α ? => shock

Question 41

Result of Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1)?

Answer 41

Food poisoning, Scaled skin