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Flashcards in Star slides Deck (28)
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1
Q

What percent of all neurological disabilities occur as a result/are related to PREMATURE (

A

50%

2
Q

The earlier the delivery, the ___ chance of health problems

A

greater

3
Q

Specific numbers of LBW/how many weeks premature a child w/ ROP is at greater risk of:

A

LBW:

4
Q

At what stage in ROP is PLUS disease observed? What is PLUS dz?

A

stage 3

PLUS - THICKENING/TORTUOSITY of the new neo/retinal vasculature - HALLMARK finding that ROP is progressing, quickly. Initiate tx.

5
Q

Treatment of choice in ROP? Especially in what zone?

-What zone is ROP most LIKELY to develop?

A

Laser photocoagulation - esp if in zone 1 (PP/ONH/Mac)

-develops in zone 3 - temporal retina-ora.

6
Q

Fundamental ocular structures are present by the end of what period? How many weeks gestation is this?

A

Embryonic; birth-8 wks (specifically, 3 wks-8 wks, as ocular structures aren’t present until 3 weeks)

7
Q

Abnormal development during the FETAL period is more likely to result in (structural/functional) deficits? Name three

A

FUNCTIONAL [CPR]- Congenital Glc, PHPV, ROP

8
Q

At what age can you expect 20/20 vision from a child in performing forced choice preferential looking (Teller)?

–How about 20/20 doing a Snellen-type test (includes HOTV, Lea, etc.)

A

Teller - 20/20 by ~4Y/O (3-5)

Snellen - 20/20 by 5-6Y/O

9
Q

Full visual fields can be expected around what age? Is this thought to be a retinal development issue?

A

10Y/O - NO. Retina is good to go; it’s a COGNITIVE issue/inability to perform test until ~10Y/O.

10
Q

What type of document will a parent/childcare provider fill out as a measure of developmental screening in a child?

What’s the most common test administered by the pediatrician to assess the same thing (developmental screening test)?

A

parent/provider: “Ages & stages” questionnaire
-also: parent’s evaluation of developmental status, child development inventories

pediatrician: Denver Developmental Screening Test (0-6)

11
Q

Three conditions prompting when ROP screening is appropriate?

A

1)

12
Q

Order of shapes that child is able to copy (youngest –> oldest)

A

vertical line (2ish), circle (3ish), cross then square (4ish), triangle (5ish), diamond (8ish)

13
Q

What is the name of the written document that defines a child’s disabilities, states current levels of academic performance, describes educational needs, and specifies goals and objectives? What age group (specific range) is this document created for?

A

IEP - individual educational plan - 3-21.

IFSPs also exist - birth to 3

14
Q

“Learning to read” occurs in which grades?

KEY elements NOT required at this stage? ***

A

Grades 1-3

ACCOMMODATION, BV NOT REQUIRED.

Focus is on VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT; characters are large enough/few enough that accomm/bv not required.

15
Q

Two main OCULAR S/Es of ADHD meds: (Methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine)

A

1) Reduced accommodation
2) Blur

Recall (boards) - these are dopamine agonists - behave as sympathetic agonists - so would also increase dry eye, potentially elicit AACG, etc.

16
Q

Children with learning-related vision problems have similar complaints to children with what other issue/diagnosis?

A

similar complaints to those w/ LEARNING DISABILITIES.

-complaints include: not performing to potential, frequent reversal errors, poor reading performance, not completing work on time, losing place while reading, difficulty copying from board, distraction/poor comprehension

17
Q

Most emmetropization is done by what age?

A

1 year (actually closer to 18 months)….but mostly by 1 year.

**MOST EMMETROPIZATION OCCURS IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

18
Q

AR astig ____ w/ age. If stable, it’s associated w/ amblyopia.

Obl astig ___ or ___ w/ age. Result: high risk of amblopia

A

AR DECREASES, OBL STABLE, or increases w/ age.

19
Q

Hyperopic anisometropia >_____D at 1 yr of age is likely to persist into childhood and cause amblyo.

2/3 of children w/ strab or amblyo have >____D of aniso.

MAJORITY of children w/ aniso >_____D have SOME level of amblyo

A

> 3.00

> 1.00

> 2.00

20
Q

What to Rx for aniso?

A

FULL CYL, FULL ANISO.

21
Q

Note that although vision, OM, BV, accommodation, and entrance testing findings may all be normal, but always be conscientious that the effects of ____ & ____ may have a HUGE effect on a child’s visual efficiency, causing their classroom issues to be much worse than the lack of issues you’re not finding when they’re in your chair.

A

TIME & STRESS

22
Q

Most important thing to do when Rx’ing orals to a child?

A

COMMUNICATE W/ THEIR PEDIATRICIAN…honestly, you should let them Rx it anyway.

23
Q

Most common misdiagnosis of SBS (shaken baby syndrome)?

A

viral gastroenteritis

-infant gets sent home; sx get worse.

24
Q

Most common ophthalmic finding in SBS?

A

retinal hemorrhages - usually multiple, in multiple layers

-usually BIlateral (uni is possible), found extensively throughout retina

25
Q

more than 50% of people with WHAT kind of nystagmus have ocular albinism? (dr moore)

A

SENSORY nystagmus (d/t vision loss of ANY cause)

-check for TIDs!

26
Q

MOST important aspect a pediatric pt who wants CLs must possess?

A

MOTIVATION. They’ll be much more responsible if they WANT CLs.

27
Q

**Accommodative and convergence demands, specifically for MYOPES, (increase/decrease) with CLs as opposed to spectacles.

Which types of prescriptions is this MOST significant for?

A

INCREASED accomm/convergence for myopes (less for hyperopes)

-HIGHER RX = MORE SIGNIFICANT effects

28
Q

**Cause of a crying child during lens insertion?

A

feeling of restraint, NOT d/t feeling/sensation of CL