States Of Consciousness

Question 1

Waking consciousness

Answer 1

All thoughts, feelings, and perceptions that occur when we are awake and alert

Question 2

Altered states of consciousness

Answer 2

Mental state that differs from normal waking consciousness

Daydreaming, sleep, battle rage, panic, etc.

Question 3

Daydreaming and fantasy- high anxiety people

Answer 3

Have short, loosely connected daydreams related to their worries

Question 4

Day dreaming and fantasy- Achievement oriented people

Answer 4

Have themes of achievement, guilt, and fear of failure

Question 5

Daydreaming and fantasy- curious people

Answer 5

Daydream scenes from the objective world

Question 6

Daydreaming and fantasy- happy people

Answer 6

Solve their problems, think ahead, and distract themselves

Question 7

Why do we dream?

Answer 7

Stimulate creative imagination (tv decreases this)

Freud says that we express our desires that would make us feel guilty (sex)

Helps people cope with bad situations such as POWS

Memory

Question 8

Circadian - sleep cycle

Answer 8

Sets biological rhythms for metabolism, stomach acid, alertness, body temp, and blood pressure

Cause of jet lag

Controlled by a cluster of neurons in the hypothalamus that respond to levels of specific patterns

Question 9

Epinephrine

Answer 9

Peaks in late morning and causes peak arousal

Question 10

Melatonin

Answer 10

Released by pineal gland

Light hitting the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the retina turns off pineal gland and wakes you up

Question 11

Adenosine

Answer 11

Makes person feel tired

Caffeine wakes you up because it blocks adenosine

Question 12

Sleep stages

Answer 12

Each stage of sleep is marked by characteristic brain wave patterns

Question 13

Awake

Answer 13

Beta waves all over the brain. The person is alert

Question 14

Stage 1

Answer 14

Alpha waves
Low voltage, irregular 
Person is relaxed 
Easily aroused 
Sleep spindles might occur

Question 15

Stages 2 and 3

Answer 15

Progressively deeper sleep
Amplitude increase, frequency decrease
Harder to wake

Question 16

Stage 4

Answer 16

Delta brain waves

Very hard to wake

Delta dreams: random vision, sound, or thought

Reverse back to stage 1 but less muscle tone

Question 17

Stage 5

Answer 17

R.E.M (rapid eye movement)

Paralyzed neck down in shift from delta to REM

4-5 episodes a night

Brain produces growth hormones and neural repair takes place

Question 18

Dreams

Answer 18

4-5 times a night

Vivid, visual, and auditory

Brain is alert, receiving messages from memory only

Question 19

What do dreams mean?

Answer 19

Freud: “we must distinguish between the surface meaning and hidden meaning of a dream.”

Question 20

Neurologist view on dreams

Answer 20

Generated outbursts of nerve-cell activity

Reprocessing info to strengthen memory

Dream content compliments the day- if you are lonely you dream about being with other people

Question 21

Sleep deprivation

Answer 21

People become anxious, lack of concentration, hallucinations

Question 22

REM Rebound

Answer 22

Less sleep=longer rem time

Question 23

Sleep talking/walking

Answer 23

Mostly during stage 4

Not dangerous to wake them

Can go complex activities and answer questions

Question 24

Sleep disorders

Answer 24

Insomnia- caused by stress

Apnea- interrupted sleep because of breathing problems
-can be cause of SIDS