Stats Flashcards
What is the purpose of ANOVA ?
demonstrate statistically significant differences between the means of several groups (normal distribution required)
Which type of statistical plots are typically used in meta-analyses?
Forest plots
What is the purpose of a phase I clinical trial?
Study pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and side-effects
What is the purpose of a phase II clinical trial?
Assess efficacy and dosage
What is the purpose of a phase III clinical trial?
Assess effectiveness
What is the purpose of a phase IV clinical trial?
Post marketing surveillance
How is the standard error of the mean (SEM) calculated?
SEM = SD / square root (n)
What is meant by a type I error?
False positive
What is meant by a type II error?
False negative
What is meant by positively skewed distribution?
mean > median > mode
What is meant by negatively skewed distribution?
mean < median < mode
What % of values lie within 1 SE of the mean?
68.3%
What % of values lie within 2 SE of the mean?
95.4%
What % of values lie within 3 SE of the mean?
99.7%
Box and whisker plots are used to display…
Median, IQ ranges etc
A funnel plot is used to show…
existence of publication bias in meta-analyses
What is meant by nominal data?
Observed values can be put into set categories which have no particular order or hierarchy
What is meant by ordinal data?
Observed values can be put into set categories which themselves can be ordered
What is meant by discrete data?
Observed values are confined to a certain values
What is meant by continuous data?
Data can take any value with certain range
How is variance calculated?
square of standard deviation
What is the formula for negative likelihood ratio?
LR = (1-Sensitivity)/Specificity
What does a kappa score measure?
Agreement between two variables
What kappa score indicates complete agreement?
1
