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CPNP EXAM PREP > STDs > Flashcards

STDs Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Graham negative diplococci; Bacterial STD

A

Gonorrhea

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2
Q

What STDs are reportable ?

A

Gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis

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3
Q

Thick White yellow purulent creamy discharge

A

Gonorrhea

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4
Q

Irregular /painful menses, frequent, urgent, painful urination, rectal pain, sore throat, fever, malaise, chills, bartholin gland abscess

Scrotal/growing pain/enlarged prostate in men

A

Gonorrhea signs and symptoms

Both males and females are often asymptomatic

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5
Q

Diagnostic for gonorrhea

A

NAATS most sensitive and specific
Vaginal swab for women
First part void for men

Graham negative diplococci and white blood cells; cervical culture using thater-or Martin or transgrow media

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6
Q

Treatment for gonorrhea

A

Rocephin and a child < 8 years or <45 kg
500 mg IM x1 dose treat & doxycycline 100 mg PO b.i.d. daily X7 days covering chlamydia
Or azithromycin 1g po x1dose

Pregnancy:
Azithromycin PO single dose
Or erythromycin 50 mg/KG/day x4 daily doses x14 days

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7
Q

What causes urethritis in men And cervicitis and women; Leading cause of infertility and females

A

Gonorrhea

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8
Q

Parasitic STD; intracellular obligate

A

Chlamydia

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9
Q

Dysuria, intermenstrual spotting, postcoital bleeding, lower abd pain, Reto tenesmus, testicular pain, Penile or vagina discharge

A

Signs and symptoms of chlamydia

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10
Q

Thick cloudy to yellow watery discharge

A

Chlamydia

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11
Q

Can be transmitted perinatal, sexual, cause conjunctivitis, and pneumonia

A

Chlamydia

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12
Q

Diagnostic studies for chlamydia

A

NAAT most sensitive/specific

Culture, DNA probes, and NAATs acceptable in adolescents

Urine testing method of choice for detection

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13
Q

Treatment for chlamydia

A

1 Azithromycin (Zithromax) 1 g PO x1 dose

Or doxycycline hundred milligrams PO bid X7 days

Do not give doxycycline in pregnancy; Give erythromycin for amoxicillin (retest 3 week)

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14
Q

Follow up for chlamydia

A

3 months after treatment

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15
Q

STD caused by treponema Pallidum

Spirochete

A

Syphilis

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16
Q

This disease has an increased risk and man-to-man sex & HIV coinfection

A

Syphilis

All + cases should also have HIV testing

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17
Q

Primary stage of syphilis

A

Painless canker/lesion with erythematous base

Can be found on genital, lip/tongue

Regional lymph enlargement

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18
Q

Secondary stage of syphilis

A

Fever, malaise, sore throat, skin rash (polymorphic maculopapular) *palms/soles, hair loss

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19
Q

Latent syphilis

A

70% of people remain asymptomatic for the rest their life

No lesions

Early = less than one year
Late = greater than one year
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20
Q

Tertiary syphilis

A

Neurosyphilis, cardiac syphilis

S/S: reoccur @ years of initial untreated infections

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21
Q

When is VDLR/RPR done & what does it test for?

A

All pregnancies and at delivery to test for syphilis

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22
Q

Treatment for syphilis

A

Benzanthine penicillin G

For penicillin allergic patients:
Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID x14 day
Or erythromycin/tetracycline

Neurosyphilis Crystaline PEN G

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23
Q

Increase pH and decrease lactobacilli

Study These Flashcards
A

Bacterial vaginosis

Most prevalent vaginal infection and women of reproductive age not a STD/STI

24
Q

Increase milky discharge, puritis, malodorous profuse fishy discharge / or thin white gray discharge after sexual intercourse

Maybe asymptomatic

Study These Flashcards
A

Bacterial vaginosis signs and symptoms

25
Treatment for a bacterial vaginosis
Metronidazole 500mg PO Clindamycin PO Or Intravaginal
26
HSV
Chronic, lifelong viral infection of the herpes genital Simplex virus
27
Painful rash, blisters and ulcers, burning and irritation 24 hours prior to outbreak; dysuria; Fever, Malaise, tender swollen lymph nodes White to yellow discharge, Vesicles erythematous base that ulcerates
S/S of HSV
28
Diagnostics for HSV
Viral culture definitive Tzanck stain PCR, serologic test can show increased HSV antibodies
29
Management and treatment for HSV
``` Antiviral chemotherapy counseling Sitz bath First clinical episode: Acyclovir 200 mg PO 5X/day x7 to 10 days OR 400 mg TID X7 - 10 days ``` Recurrent a cycle of ear 400 to 800 mg for 5 days Initiate treatment within six days of onset
30
What is a transmission for HIV
Maternal infant perinatal transmission, breast-feeding, sexual intercourse, blood
31
If mom is positive with HIV can she breast-feed?
No
32
Sign and symptoms of HIV infant
Low birth weight, failing ratio of head circumference to height/weight, recurrent infections, decreased activity, developmental delay, hepatosplenomegaly, generalized lymphadenopathy
33
Diagnostics for screening infants of HIV
Polymerase chain reaction PCR testing is used
34
Screen diagnostic for older children for HIV
Enzyme linked amino‘s orbit essay ELISA screening is used sensitivity 99.9%; Followed by Western blot to confirm
35
Flagellated protozoan
Trichomonas
36
Profuse vaginal discharge, serratus, irritation with burning on urination, frothy greenish or yellow, fishy discharge, strawberry cervix (read with petechiae) bleeds easily
History for trichomonas
37
Diagnostic for trichomonas
NAAT, gen/probe, culture no longer preferred method | What mount shows trichomonads
38
Treatment for trichomonas
Metronidazole 2 g single-dose Alcohol consumption should be avoided 24 hours after medication No sex during treatment ; treat sexual partner
39
When should I patient be followed up for trichomonas?
3 months after treatment
40
Painful water rash, cauliflower like 4 to 6 weeks after sex
HPV | No treatment will eradicate this disease
41
Symptomatic viral reproductive tract infection caused by condylomata acuminata
General warts caused by HPV through sexual transmission Prepubescent children should be screamed for sexual abuse
42
Epithelial warts or firm bumps that are cauliflower in nature found on anus/genitals Burning/pain/itching/bleeding
symptoms for genital warts
43
Diagnostics for genital warts
Clinical inspection Colonoscopy on cervical/vinegar to Blanch Pap smear/biopsies
44
Treatment for Genital warts
No Way to eradicate this disease; can have spontaneous resolution within three months reoccurrences are common Refer to GYN
45
When is the first Pap smear and subsequent ones?
First Pap smear at 21 years subsequent every three years if normal
46
Male condom
Mechanical barrier preventing semen from entering vagina/most effective barrier method Latex recommended prevents STDs Polyurethane is latex free for latex sensitive Natural skin/lamb skin not recommended Failure rate 3-18%; breaks 1 to 2%
47
Female condom
Worn by women Available over the counter Inserted up to eight hours before intercourse 21% failure rate
48
Topical creams, jellies, phones, suppositories, and films from her vent pregnancy; used alone or with condoms
Vaginal spermicides Failure rate 6% Not effective in preventing cervical gonorrhea, chlamydia, HIV Do not use an anal intercourse can cause cell damage Increased UTIs
49
Female barrier thinly text done with flexible ring in spermicide applied for vaginal insertion prior to intercourse
Diaphragm Failure rate in adolescents 10 to 25% Requires pelvic exam for proper fitting Can you cause UTI, vaginitis
50
Transdermal contraceptive patch
Ethinylestradiol/norelgestromin Where one patch for one week, repeat with a new patch weekly for two more weeks patch must be correctly applied and rotated Do not use for clotting disorder, impaired liver, abnormal vaginal bleeding, pregnancy, estrogen dependent carcinoma
51
Depo shot
IM Q3 months 0.25% failure rate Contra indicated an active thrombophlebitis, undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, breast malignancy, liver disease Side effects: spotting, weight gain, bloating, headaches, mood changes, increase risk of bone density
52
One rod implanted in subcutaneous tissue of upper inner arm; long-acting reversible contraception (LARC)
Nexplanon Effective for three years Vaginal spotting and bleeding or not predictable Radiopaque
53
Long-acting reversible contraceptive, safe effective Placed by provider implant
IUD Copper T380A Increases uterine and tubal fluids impair sperm function; last 10 years; failure rate 0.8% percent LNG-IUS marina—-releases levonorgestrel 20 MCG/day; taking cervical mucus, inhibit sperm, suppresses endometrium Last up to five years ; failure rate 0.2%
54
When should emergency contraception be used
Within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse
55
How does emergency contraception work
Does not terminate existing pregnancy Plan B is progesterone only two tabs; plan B one step is a one pill, purchase at any age Meclizine can be given to Combat symptoms of nausea/vomiting; given first before dose of OCP method to reduce nausea Pregnancy test after three weeks
56
Symptoms of pregnancy
Irregular menses/amenorrhea, nausea vomiting, urinary frequency, breast tenderness, headache, dizziness, abdominal cramps

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