Steve Stielberg's Pharmacology Phrenzy Flashcards
(200 cards)
1
Q
Km means what
A
Is the concentration of Substrate at 1/2Vmax;
it is inversely related to the affinity of the enzyme for it substrate
2
Q
Pharmacokinetics
A
the effects of the body on the drug;
ADME: Absoprtion, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
3
Q
Pharmacodynamics
A
The effects of the drug on the body; Includes concepts of receptor binding, drug efficacy, drug potency, toxicity
4
Q
Pharmacokinetics: Bioavailability (F)
A
Fraction of administered drug that reaches systemic circulation unchanged. IV dose is F=100%, oral is usually lower
5
Q
Pharmacokinetics: Volume of Distribution (Vd)
A
Theoretical volume occupied by the total absorbed drug amount at the plasma concentration. Apparent Vd of plasma protein-bound drugs can be altered by liver and kidney disease (decreased protein binding, increased Vd). Drugs may distribute in more than one compartment. Vd= (amount of drug in the body)/ (plasma drug concentration)
6
Q
Pharmacokinetics: half life (t1/2)
A
The time required to change to amount of drug in the body by 1/2 during elimination (or constant infusion). Porperty of first-order elimination A drug infused at a constant rate takes (4-5) half lives to reach steady state. It takes 3.3 half lives to reach 90% of steady state level:
T1/2=(.693 X Vd)/CL
7
Q
Pharmacokinetics: Clearance (CL)
A
The volume of plasma cleared of drug per unit time. Clearance may be impaired with defects in cardiac, hepatic, or renal function:
CL=(rate of elimination of the drug)/(Plasma drug concentration) = Vd x Ke (elimination constant)
8
Q
Pharmacokinetics: Loading dose calculations
A
Loading dose= (Cp x Vd)/F;
Cp= target plasma concentration;
Note- in renal disease you do not change loading dose
9
Q
Pharmacokinetics: Maintenance dose calculations
A
Maintenance dose= (Cp x CL x τ)/ (F);
τ= dosage interval, if not administered continuously;
Cp= target plasma concentration at steady state;
Note= in renal disease you adjust the maintenance dose
10
Q
Zero order elimination
A
rate of elimination is constant regardless of Cp (i.e. constant amount of drug eliminated per unit time). Cp decreases linearly with time. Examples are Phenytoin, Ethanol, Aspirin (at high or toxic levels);
Capacity limited elimination
11
Q
First order elimination
A
rate of elimination is directly proportional to the drug concentration (i.e. constant fraction of drug eliminated per unit time). Cp decreases exponentially over time.
12
Q
Urine pH and drug elimination: Weak acids
A
Examples would be phenobarbital, methotrexate, aspirin. Trapped in basic environments. Treat overdose with bicarbonate. Remember that ionized species are trapped in urine and cleared quickly, neutral forms can be reabsorbed.
13
Q
Urine pH and drug elimination: Weak bases
A
Examples: amphetamines, trapped in acidic enivronments. Treat overdose with ammonium chloride. Remember that ionized species are trapped in urine and cleared quickly, neutral forms can be reabsorbed.
14
Q
Phase 1 drug metabolism
A
Reduction, oxidation, hydrolysis with cytochrome P-450 usually yield a slightly polar, water-soluble metabolite (often still active).
Geriatric patients often lose phase 1 first
15
Q
Phase 2 drug metabolism
A
Conjugation (Glucuronidation, Acetylation, Sulfation) usually yields a very polar, inactive metabolite (Renally excreted). Patients who are slow acetylators have greater side effects from certain drugs because of decreased rate of metabolism
16
Q
Define efficacy of a drug
A
Maximal effect a drug can produce. High efficacy drug classes are analgesic, antibiotics, antihistamines, and decongestants. Partial agonists have less efficacy than full agonists.
17
Q
Define potency of a drug
A
Amount of drug needed for a given effect. Increased potency, increased affinity for receptor. Highly potent drug classes include chemotherapeutic drugs, antihypertensive drugs, and lipid lowering drugs.
18
Q
Competitive Antagonist
A
Effect: shifts curve to right (decrease potency), no change in efficacy. Can be overcome by increase in the concentration of agonist substrate
19
Q
Noncompetitive antagonist
A
shifts curve down (decrease efficacy). Cannot be overcome by increase agonist substrate.
Irreversible antagonist is the same idea, it just never lets go.
20
Q
Partial agonist
A
Acts at the same site as full agonist but with lower maximal effect (decrease efficacy). Potency is an independent variable.
21
Q
Therapeutic index
A
Measurement of drug safety:
TD50/ED50=(median toxic dose)/(median effective dose)
Safer drugs have higher TI values. LD50 (lethal dose) is used in animal studies
22
Q
Nicotinic ACh receptors
A
ligand-gated Na/K channels; Nn (found in autonomic ganglia) and Nm (found in neuromuscular junction) subtypes.
23
Q
Muscarinic ACh receptors
A
Are G-protein-coupled receptors that usually act through 2nd messengers, 5 subtypes: M1, M2, M3, M4, M5
24
Q
What G protein does this receptor work through and what is its functions: alpha 1
A
q class; increases vascular smooth muscle contraction, increases pupillary dilator muscle contraction (mydriasis), increases intestinal and bladder sphincter muscle contraction. Phenylephrine and midodrine are alpha 1 agonists
25
What G protein does this receptor work through and what is its functions: alpha 2
i class; decreases sympathetic outflow, decreases insulin release, decreases lipolysis, increases platelet aggregation
26
What G protein does this receptor work through and what is its functions: beta 1
s class; increases hear rate, increases contractility, increases renin release, increases lipolysis
27
What G protein does this receptor work through and what is its functions: beta 2
s class; Vasodilation, bronchodilation, increases hear rate, increases contractility, increases lipolysis, increase insulin release, decrease uterine tone (tocolysis), ciliary muscle relaxation, increase aqueous humor production.
28
M1 receptor: what does it work through, major functions
q subtype of g protein class; CNS, enteric nervous system
29
M2 receptor: what does it work through, major functions
i subtype of the g protein class; decreases heart rate and contractility of atria
30
M3 receptor: what does it work through, major functions
q subtype of g protein; Increases exocrine gland secretions (lacrimal, salivary, gastric), increases gut peristalsis, increases bladder contraction, bronchoconstriction, increases pupillary sphincter muscle contraction (miosis), ciliary muscle contraction (accommodation)
31
D1 dopamine receptor: what does it work through, what does it do
s subtype of g protein; relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle
32
D2 dopamine receptor: what does it work through, what does it do
i subtype of g protein; modulates transmitter release, especially in the brain
33
Histamine H1 receptor: what does it work through, what does it do
q subtype of g protein; increase nasal and bronchial mucus production, increases vascular permeability, contraction of bronchioles, pruritus, and pain
34
Histamine H2 receptor: what does it work through, what does it do
S subtype of g protein: increased gastric acid secretion
35
Vasopressin V1 receptor: what does it work through, what does it do
q subtype of g protein; increases vascular muscle contraction
36
Vasopressin V2 receptor; what does it work through, what does it do
S subtype of g protein; increases H2O permeability and reabsorption in the collecting tubules of the kidney (V2 is found in the 2 kidneys)
37
What is the downstream effect of a Gq receptor being stimulated (and what are the types of Gq receptors)
(h1, alpha1, V1, M1, M3); Gq activates Phospholipase C which cleaves PIP2 into DAG and IP3. DAG activates protein kinase C while IP3 increases Ca in the cell and you get smooth muscle contraction
38
What is the downstream effect of a Gs receptor being stimulated (what are the types of Gs receptors)
Beta1, Beta2, D1, H2, V2; Activates Adenylyl cyclase which turns ATP into cAMP. cAMP goes into protein kinase A which increase Ca inside heart cells and inactivates myosin light chain kinase in smooth muscle
39
What is the downstream effect of a Gi receptor being stimulated (and what are the types of Gi receptors)
M2, alpha 2, D2; Gi blocks the activation of Adenylyl cyclase (the same molecule that Gs stimulates)
40
Betanechol
Cholinomimetic agent; direct agonist; Activates bowel and bladder smooth muscle; resistant to AChE. Postoperative ileus, neurogenic ileus, and urinary retention
41
Carbachol
Cholinomimetic agent; direct agonist; Glaucoma, pupillary constriction, and relief of intraocular; Carbon copy of acetylcholine
42
Pilocarpine
Cholinomimetic agent; direct agonist; Contracts ciliary muscle of eye (open-angle glaucoma), pupillary sphincter (closed-angle); resistant to AChE. "you cry, drool and sweat on your PILOw.
43
Methacholine
Cholinomimetic agent; direct agonist; Stimulates muscarinic receptors in airway when inhaled. Challenge test for diagnosis of asthma
44
Neostigmine
Indirect agonist (anticholinesterase); Increases endogenous ACh Neo CNS= No CNS penetration; Postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention, myasthenia gravis, reversal of neuromuscular junction blockade (postoperative)
45
Pyridostigmine
Indirect agonist (anticholinesterase); Increases endogenous ACh; increases endogenous ACh; increases strength. long acting myasthenia gravis treatment, does not penetrate CNS
46
Physostigmine
Indirect agonist (anticholinesterase); Anticholinergic toxicity (crosses BBB); increases endogenous ACh; fixes atropine overdose
47
Donepezil
Indirect agonist (anticholinesterase); Used in alzheimer dieases; Increase endogenous ACh
48
Rivastigmine
Indirect agonist (anticholinesterase); Used in alzheimer dieases; Increase endogenous ACh
49
Galantamine
Indirect agonist (anticholinesterase); Used in alzheimer dieases; Increase endogenous ACh
50
Edrophonium
Indirect agonist (anticholinesterase); old way of diagnosing myasthenia gravis (extremely short acting); now we look for anti-AChR Ab
51
With all cholinomimetic agents the side effects are
Exacerbation of COPD, asthma, and peptic ulcers in susceptible patients
52
Cholinesterease inhibitor poisoning
often due to organophosphate, such as parathion, that irreversibly inhibit AChE. Causes DUMBBELSS: Diarrhea, Miosis, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia, Excitation of skeletal muscle and cns. Lacrimation, Sweating, and Salivation.
Antidote is atropine (competitive inhibitor) with prazlidoxime (regenerates AChE if given early)
53
what organ does it work in and its application: Atropine, homatropine, tropicamide
eye, produce mydriasis and cycloplegia (paralysis of ciliary muscle); muscarinic antagonist
54
what organ does it work in and its application: Benztropine
CNS; Parkinson (PARK my BENZ); muscarinic antagonist
55
what organ does it work in and its application: Scopolamine
CNS; Motion sickness; muscarinic antagonist
56
what organ does it work in and its application: Ipratropium, tiotropium
Respiratory; COPD, asthma; muscarinic antagonist
57
what organ does it work in and its application: Oxybutynin, darifenacin, solifenacin
Genitourinary; reduce urgency in mild cystitis and reduced bladder spasms. Other agents are tolterodine, fesoterodine, trospium (used for urinary incontinence); contraindicated in closed angel glaucoma and elderly; muscarinic antagonist
58
what organ does it work in and its application: Glycopyrrolate
muscarinic antagonist; gastrointestinal and respiratory; Parenteral: preoperative use to reduce airway secretions; Oral: drooling, peptic ulcer
59
Atropines effect on the: eyes
increase pupal dilation, cycloplegia
60
Atropines effect on the: airway
Decreases secretions
61
Atropines effect on the: Stomach
decreases stomach acid
62
Atropines effect on the: Gut
decreases motility
63
Atropines effect on the: Bladder
decreased urgency in cystitis
64
Atropines side effects
Increased body temperature (can't sweat); rapid pulse, dry mouth, flushed skin; cycloplegia; constipated; disorientation; blind as a bat, mad as a hatter, red a beet, hot as a stone, dry as a bone
Can cause acute angle glaucoma in elderly due to mydriasis, urinary retention in men with prostatic hyperplasia, and hyperthermia in infants
65
What is this drugs effect on alpha, beta receptors and what is it used for: Epinephrine
beta > alpha; anaphylaxis, open angle glaucoma, asthma, hypotension; alpha effects predominate at high doses
66
What is this drugs effect on alpha, beta receptors and what is it used for: norepinephrine
alpha 1> alpha 2> Beta 1; Hypotension (but decreased renal perfusion)
67
What is this drugs effect on alpha, beta, and dopamine receptors and what is it used for: Dopamine
D1=D2 > Beta > alpha; Unstable bradycardia, heart failure, shock; inotropic and chronotropic alpha effects predominate at high doses.
68
What is this drugs effect on alpha, beta receptors and what is it used for: Dobutamine
Beta1 > Beta2, alpha; heart failure (inotropic > chronotropic), cardiac stress test
69
What is this drugs effect on alpha, beta receptors and what is it used for: Isoproterenol
Beta1=Beta2; Electrophysiologic evaluation of tachyarrhythmias. Can worsen ischemia
70
What is this drugs effect on alpha, beta receptors and what is it used for: Phenylephrine
alpha 1 > alpha 2; Hypotension (vasoconstrictor), ocular procedures (mydriatic), rhinitis (decongestant)
71
What is this drugs effect on alpha, beta receptors and what is it used for: Albuterol, salmeterol, terbutaline
Beta 2> Beta 1; Albuterol for acute asthma; salmeterol for long-term asthma or COPD control; terbutaline to reduce premature uterine contractions
72
What is this drugs effect on alpha, beta receptors and what is it used for: Amphetamine
indirect sympathomimetics; indirect general agonist, reuptake inhibitor, also releases stored catecholamines; Used for Narcolepsy, obesity, attention deficit disorder
73
What is this drugs effect on alpha, beta receptors and what is it used for: Ephedrine
Indirect general agonist, releases stored catecholamines; Nasal decongestion, urinary incontinence, hypotension
74
What is this drugs effect on alpha, beta receptors and what is it used for: Cocaine
Indirect general agonist, reuptake inhibitor; Causes vasoconstriction and local anesthesia; never give beta blockers if cocaineintoxication is suspected (can lead to unopposed alpha 1 activation and extreme hypertension)
75
Norepinephrine vs isoproterenol
NE causes increase in systolic and diastolic pressures as a result of alpha1 mediated vasoconstriction leading to an increase in mean arterial pressure causing bradycardia. However, isoproterenol (no longer commonly used) has little alpha effect but causes beta 2 mediated vasodilation, resulting in decrease mean arterial pressure and increase heart rate through beta 1 and reflex activity.
76
Clonidine
alpha 2 agonist so it decreases sympathetic output; used for HTN urgency; does not decrease renal blood flow; ADHD, severe pain, and off label ethanol and opioid withdrawl;
Toxicity: CNS depression, bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory depression, and small pupil size
77
alpha methyldopa
alpha 2 agonist so it decreases sympathetic output; used for pregnancy HTN; toxicity direct coombs test will be positive for hemolytic anemia; SLE like syndrome
78
Pheoxybenzamine
irreversible non selective alpha blocker; used for pheochromocytoma (used preoperatively) to prevent catecholamine (HTN) crisis;
Toxicity are orthostatic hypotenstion; reflex tachycardia
79
Phentolamine
Reversible non selective alpha blocker; Give to patients on MAO inhibitors who eat tyramine-containing foods;
80
What are the alpha 1 selective alpha blockers
Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin (-osin); used to treat urinary symptoms of BPH; PTSD (prazosin); hypertension (except tamsulosin); Toxicity is 1st dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, and headache
81
what is the Alpha 2 selective alpha blocker
Mirtazapine; used to treat depression; side effects are sedation increased serum cholesterol; increased appetite
82
Beta blockers: name them
Metoprolol, acebutolol, betaxolol, carvedilol, esmolol, nadolol, timolol, pindolol, labetalol
83
Beta blockers use in angina pectoris
decreases HR and contactility resulting in decreased O2 consumption
84
Beta blockers use in MI
Beta-blockers (metoprolol, carvedilol, and bisoprolol) decrease mortality
85
Beta blockers use in SVT
(metoprolol, esmolol); decrease AV conduction velocity (class II antiarrhythmic)
86
Beta blockers in HTN
Decrease cardiac output, decrease renin secretion (due to beta 1 receptor blockade on JGA cells)
87
Beta blockers in CHF
slows progression of chronic failure
88
Beta blockers in Claucoma
timolol; decreases secretion of aqueous humor
89
Toxicity of beta blockers
Impotence; cardio vascular adverse effects (bradycardia, AV block, CHF), CNS adverse effects (seizures, sedation, sleep alterations), dyslipidemia (metoprolol), and asthamatics/COPD patients it causes exacerbations;
Don't give to cocaine users (unopposed alpha adrenergic receptor agonist
90
Selectivity of beta blockers
Beta1 selective start with letters A to M (first half of alphabet); beta 2 selective start with letters N to Z (second half of alphabet; Nonselective alpha beta antagonists have ending other than olol
91
Nebivolol what receptors does it block
combines cardiac selective Beta1 adrenergic blockade with stimulation of Beta3 receptors, which activate nitric oxide synthase in the vasculature
92
what is the antidotes for toxic levels of: acetaminophen
N-acetylecystine (replenishes glutathione)
93
what is the antidotes for toxic levels of: AChE inhibitors, orgaophosphates
Atropine followed by pralidoxime
94
what is the antidotes for toxic levels of: Amphetamines
NH4Cl to acidify the urine
95
what is the antidotes for toxic levels of: Antimuscarinics, anticholinergic agents
Physostigmine salicylate, control hyperthermia
96
what is the antidotes for toxic levels of: Benzodiazepines
Flumazenil
97
what is the antidotes for toxic levels of: Beta blockers
glucagon
98
what is the antidotes for toxic levels of: Carbon mooxide
100% O2 or hyperbaric O2
99
what is the antidotes for toxic levels of: copper, arsenic, gold
Penicillamine
100
what is the antidotes for toxic levels of: Cyanide
nitrite + thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin
101
what is the antidotes for toxic levels of: Digitalis
Anti-dig Fab fragments
102
what is the antidotes for toxic levels of: Heparin
Protamine sulfate
103
what is the antidotes for toxic levels of: Iron
DeFEroxamine, deFErasirox (de FE)
104
what is the antidotes for toxic levels of: lead
EDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine
105
what is the antidotes for toxic levels of: Mercury, arsenic, gold
Dimercaprol (BAL), Succimer
106
what is the antidotes for toxic levels of: Methanol, ethylene glycol
Fomepizole > ethanol, dialysis
107
what is the antidotes for toxic levels of: Methemoglobin
Methylene blue, Vitamin C
108
what is the antidotes for toxic levels of: opioids
Naloxone
109
what is the antidotes for toxic levels of: Salicylates
NaHCO3 (alkalinize the urine), dialysis
110
what is the antidotes for toxic levels of: TCAs
NaHCO3 (alkalinize the plasma)
111
what is the antidotes for toxic levels of: tPA, streptokinase, urokinase
Aminocaproic acid
112
what is the antidotes for toxic levels of: Warfarin
Vitamin K, plasma if active bleed
113
What is the likely drugs to cause: Coronary vasospasm
Cocaine, sumatriptn, ergot alkaloids
114
What is the likely drugs to cause: cutaneous flushing
Vancomycin, Adenosine, Niacin, Ca2+ channel blockers
115
What is the likely drugs to cause: dilated cardiomyopathy
Doxorubicin, daunorubicin
116
What is the likely drugs to cause: Torsades de pointes
Class III (e.g. sotalol) and class IA (e.g. quinidine) antiarrhythmics, macrolide antibiotics, antipsychotics, TCAs
117
What is the likely drugs to cause: Adrenocortical insufficiency
HPA suppression secondary to glucocorticoid withdrawal
118
What is the likely drugs to cause: Hot flashes
Tamoxifen, clomiphene
119
What is the likely drugs to cause: Hyperglcemia
Tacrolimus, Protease inhibitors, Niacin, HCTX, Beta blockers, corticosteroids
120
What is the likely drugs to cause: Hypothyrodism
lithium, amiodarone, sulfonamides
121
What is the likely drugs to cause: Acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice
Erythromycin
122
What is the likely drugs to cause: Diarrhea
Metformin, Erythromycin, Colchicine, Orlistat, Acarbose
123
What is the likely drugs to cause: Focal to massive hepatic necrosis
Halothane, Amanita phalloides (death cap mushrooms), Valproic Acid, Acetaminophen
124
What is the likely drugs to cause: Hepatitis
INH (Isoniazid)
125
What is the likely drugs to cause: Pancreatitis
Didanosine, Corticosteroids, Alcohol, Valproic acid, Axathioprine, Diuretics (furosemide, HCTZ)
126
What is the likely drugs to cause: Pseudomembranous Colitis
Clindamycin, ampicillin, cephalosporins; antibiotics predispose to superinfection by resistant C difficile
127
What is the likely drugs to cause: Agranulocytosis
Dapsone, Clozapine, Carbamazepine, Colchicine, Methimazole, Propylthiouracil,
128
What is the likely drugs to cause: Aplastic anemia
Carbamazepine, Methimazole, NSAIDs, Benzene, Chloramphenicol, Propythiouracil
129
What is the likely drugs to cause: Direct coombs- positive hemolytic anemia
Methyldopa, penicillin
130
What is the likely drugs to cause: Gray baby syndrome
Chloramphenicol
131
What is the likely drugs to cause: Hemolysis in G6PD deficiency
INH (isoniazid), Sulfonamides, Dapsone, Primaquine, Aspirin, ibuprofen, Nitrofurantion; hemolysis IS D PAIN
132
What is the likely drugs to cause: Megaloblastic anemia
Phenytoin, Methotrexate, sulfa drugs; having a blast with PMS
133
What is the likely drugs to cause: Thrombocytopenia
Heparin, Cimetidine
134
What is the likely drugs to cause: Thrombotic complications
OCPs (e.g. estrogens)
135
What drugs cause the side effect of: Fat redistribution
Protease inhibitors, Glucocorticoids
136
What drugs cause the side effect of: Gingival hyperplasia
Phenytoin, verapamil, cyclosporine, nifedipine
137
What drugs cause the side effect of: Hyperuricemia (gout)
Pyrazinamide, Thiazides, Furosemide, Niacin, Cyclosporine
138
What drugs cause the side effect of: Myopathy
Fibrates, niacin, colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, interferon alpha, penicillamine, statins, glucocorticoids
139
What drugs cause the side effect of: Osteoporosis
Corticosteroids, heparin
140
What drugs cause the side effect of: Photosensitivity
Sulfonamides, Amiodarone, Tetracyclines, 5-FU
141
What drugs cause the side effect of: Rash (steven-johnson syndrome)
Anti-epileptic drugs (ethosuximide, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, phenobarbital), Allopurinol, Sulfa drugs, Penicillin
142
What drugs cause the side effect of: SLE-like syndrome
Sulfa drugs, hydralazine, INH, Procainamide, Phenytoin, Etanercept
143
What drugs cause the side effect of: Teeth discoloration
tetracyclines
144
What drugs cause the side effect of: Tendonitis/tendon rupture/ cartilage damage
Fluoroquinolones
145
What drugs cause the side effect of: Cinchonism
Quinidine, quinine
146
What drugs cause the side effect of: Parkinson like syndrome
antipsychotics, Reserpine, Metoclopramide
147
What drugs cause the side effect of: Seizures
INH (vitamin B6 deficieny), Bupropion, Imipenem/cilastatin, Tramadol, Enflurane, Metoclopramide
148
What drugs cause the side effect of: Tardive dyskinesia
Antipsychotics, metoclopramide
149
What drugs cause the side effect of: Diabetes insipidus
Luthium, demeclocycline
150
What drugs cause the side effect of: Fanconi syndrome
expired tetracycline
151
What drugs cause the side effect of: Hemorrhagic cystitis
Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide (give with mesna to prevent
152
What drugs cause the side effect of: interstitial nephritis
Methicillin, NSAIDs, Furosemide
153
What drugs cause the side effect of: SIADH
Carbamazepine, Cyclophosphamide, SSRIs
154
What drugs cause the side effect of: dry cough
ACE inhibitors
155
What drugs cause the side effect of: pulmonary fibrosis
Bleomycin, amiodarone, busulfan, Methotrexate
156
What drugs cause the side effect of: Antimuscarinic
atropine, TCAs, H1 blockers, antipsychotics
157
What drugs cause the side effect of: Disulfiram-like reaction
Metronidazole, certain cephalosporins, griseofulvin, procarbazine, 1 st generation sulfonylureas
158
What drugs cause the side effect of: Nephrotoxicity/ ototoxicity
Aminoglycosides, vancomycin, loop diuretics, cisplatine
159
Positive inducers of Cytochrome P-450
Chronic alcohol use, modafinil, st john's wort, Phenytoin, Phenobarbital, Nevirapine, Rifampin, Griseofulvin, Carbamazepine: Chronic alcoholic Mona Steals Phen-Phen and Never Refuses Greasy Carbs
160
Substrates for Cytochrome P-450
Anti-epileptics, Antidepressants, Antipsychotics, anesthetics, Theophylline, Warfarin, statins, OCPs
161
Negative inhibitors of Cytochrome p-450
Acute alcohol use, Gemifibrozil, Ciprofloxacin, Isoniazid, Grapefruit juice, Quinidine, Amiodarone, Ketoconazole, Macrolides, Sulfonamides, Cimetidine, Ritonavir, Acute Gentleman "Cipped" Iced grapefruit juice quickly and kept munching on soft cinammon rolls
162
Name all the sulfa drugs, what are the side effects
Probenecid, Furosemide, Acetazolamide, Celecoxib, Thiazides, Sulfonamide antibiotics, Sulfasalazine, Sulfonylureas;
Patients with sulfa allergies may develop fever, urinary tract infeciton, steven johnson, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, and urticaria, symptoms can be mild to life threatening
163
Drugs ending in: -azole
Ergosterol synthesis inhibitors
164
Drugs ending in: -bendazole
antiparasitic/antihelmintic
165
Drugs ending in: -cillin
peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitors
166
Drugs ending in: -cycline
protein synthesis inhibitors
167
Drugs ending in: -ivir
Neuraminidase inhibitor
168
Drugs ending in: -navir
protease inhibitor
169
Drugs ending in: -ovir
DA polymerase inhibitor
170
Drugs ending in: -thromycin
Macrolide antibiotic
171
Drugs ending in: -ane
inhalation general anesthetic (halothane)
172
Drugs ending in: -azine
Typical antipsychotic (thioridazine)
173
Drugs ending in: -barbital
Barbiturate (phenobarbital)
174
Drugs ending in: -caine
local anesthetic (lidocaine)
175
Drugs ending in: -etine
SSRI (fluoxetine)
176
Drugs ending in: -ipramine
TCAs (imipramine)
177
Drugs ending in: -triptan
5HT 1B/1D agonist (sumatriptan)
178
Drugs ending in: -Triptyline
TCA (amitriptyline)
179
Drugs ending in: -zepam
Benzodiazepine (diazepam)
180
Drugs ending in: -zolan
Benzodiazepine (alprazolam)
181
Drugs ending in: -chol
cholinergic agonist (betanechol/carbachol)
182
Drugs ending in: -curium or -curonium
non-depolarizing paralytic (atracurium or vecuronium )
183
Drugs ending in: -olol
beta blocker
184
Drugs ending in: -stigmine
AChE inhibitor (neostigmine)
185
Drugs ending in: -terol
beta2-agonist albuterol
186
Drugs ending in: -zosin
Alpha 1-antagonist (Prazosin)
187
Drugs ending in: -afil
PDE-5 inhibitor (sildenafil)
188
Drugs ending in: -dipine
Dihydropyridine CCB (amlodipine)
189
Drugs ending in: -pril
ACE inhibitor (captopril)
190
Drugs ending in: -Sartan
Angiotensin-II receptor blocker (Losartan)
191
Drugs ending in: -statin
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (Atorvastatin)
192
Drugs ending in: -dronate
Bisphosphonate (Alendronate)
193
Drugs ending in: -glitazone
PPAR-gamma activator (Rosiglitazone)
194
Drugs ending in: -prazole
PPI
195
Drugs ending in: -prazole
prostaglandin analog (latanoprost)
196
Drugs ending in: -tidine
H2 antagonist (cimetidine)
197
Drugs ending in: -tropin
Pituitary hormone (somatotropin)
198
Drugs ending in: -ximab
chimeric monoclonal Ab (Basiliximab)
199
Drugs ending in: -zumab
Humanized monoclonal Ab (Daclizumab)
200
Calculation for steady state when drug is given continuously IV
Css=Dosing rate/Clearance
