Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Repro and Sexual Health > STI > Flashcards

STI Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the most commonly reported bacterial STI in sexual health clinics in the UK?

A

Chlamydia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Do people tend to present with symptoms in chlamydia?

A

70-80% of woman are asymptomatic

50% of men are asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of bacterial is chlamydia?

A

Gram negative obligate intracellular bacterium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How can chlamydia be transmitted?

A

Vaginal
Oral
Anal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In what age group is chlamydia most common?

A

20-24 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What percentage of women with chlamydia will develop PID?

A

9%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the sequelae of PID infection?

A

Increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy ten fold

Carries a risk of tubal factor infertility of 15-20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does chlamydia present in females?

A

Post coital or intermenstrual bleeding
Lower abdo pain
Dyspareunia
Mucopurulent cervicitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does chlamydia present in men?

A 
Urethral discharge
Dysuria
Urethritis 
Epididymo-orchitis
Proctitis (LGV)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the complications of CT?

A 
PID
Tubal damage (infertility, ectopic pregnancy), chronic pelvic pain, transmission to neonate (conjunctivitis and pneumonia), adult conjunctivitis, sexually acquired reactive arthritis, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome?

A

Development of perihepatitis in association with pelvic inflammatory disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who should you test for CT?

A

Should stop testing women over 25 who present with vaginal discharge
Women who have had CT in past year
One in 5 women with diagnosed and treated chlamydia are estimated to become re-infected within 10 months after initial treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is LGV?

A

Servoras L1-3 of chlamydia

Diagnosed in MSM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the symptoms of LGV?

A

Rectal pain
Discharge
Bleeding
High risk of concurrent STIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When can CT be diagnosed?

A

Test 14 days post exposure
NAAT
If MSM add rectal swab if receptive anal intercourse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the difference between NAAT testing in men and women?

A

Women; vulovaginal swab

Men; first void urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the treatment of chlamydia?

A

Doxycycline 100mg BD x 1 week

Azithromycin 1G stat followed by 500mg daily for 2 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is mycoplasma genitalium associated with?

A

Non gonococcal urethritis

PID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Is mycoplasma genitalium always symptomatic?

A

Majority is asymptomatic

BUT high levels of macrolide resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the gram stain of gonorrhoea?

A

Gram negative intracellular diplococcu s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where can the primary sites of infection for gonorrhoea be found?

A

Mucous membranes of urethra
Endocervix
Rectum
Pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the incubation period for gonorrhoea?

A

In men with a urethral infection; 2-5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How is gonococcus transmitted?

A

20% risk from infected woman to male partner

50-90% risk from infected man to female partner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does gonorrhoea present in men?

A

Asymptomatic <10%
Urethral discharge >80%; tends to be green/yellow and purulent
Dysuria
Pharyngeal/ rectal infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How does gonorrhoea present in women?
Asymptomatic in up to 50% Increased/ altered vaginal discharge in 40% Dysuria Pelvic pain Pharyngeal and rectal infection usually asymptomatic
26
Complications of gonorrhoea in lower genital tract?
``` Bartholinitis Tysonitis Periurethral abscess Rectal abscess Epididymitis Urethral stricture ```
27
Complications of gonorrhoea in upper genital tract?
``` Endometritis PID Hydrosalpinx Infertility Ectopic pregnancy Prostatitis ```
28
How is gonorrhoea diagnosed?
NAAT; screening test If symptomatic; microscopy If microscopy positive or known contact of GC; do culture to look for antibiotic sensitivities
29
What is the treatment for gonorrhoea?
1st line: ceftriaxone 1g IM | 2nd line: cefixime 400 mg PO and azithromycin 2g PO (only if IM CI or refused)
30
When should a test of cure be performed in gonorrhoea?
2 weeks
31
What are the different types of genital herpes?
Primary infection Non-primary infection Recurrent infection
32
Which episode will be the worst in genital herpes?
Primary
33
What is the incubation period of primary genital herpes?
3-6 days
34
What is the duration of primary genital herpes?
14-21 days
35
What are the symptoms of a primary genital herpes infection?
``` Blistering and ulceration of external genitalia Pain External dysuria Vaginal or urethral discharge Local lymphadenopathy Fever and myalgia (prodrome) ```
36
With what strain of HSV are recurrent episodes more common?
HSV-2; usually unilateral, small blisters and ulcers
37
How long will recurrent genital herpes tend to last?
5-7 days with minimal systemic upset
38
What investigations should be done to diagnose HSV?
Swab base of ulcer for HSV PCR
39
What is the treatment for genital herpes?
Oral antiviral treatment (aciclovir 400mg TDS x 5/7) Topical lidocaine 5% ointment Saline bathing Analgesia
40
Which strain of HSV is more prone to viral shedding?
HSV 2 | More frequent in first year of infection
41
What treatment can be given to people with 6+ recurrent episodes a year?
Aciclovir
42
What is important regarding genital herpes and pregnancy?
If 1st primary episode in 3rd trim or within 6 weeks of EDD; need to review birth plan as HSV in neonate can cause a disseminated infection, encephalitis and death
43
Why is it important to distinguish between primary and non-primary genital herpes in pregnancy?
If non-primary; then antibodies will cross placenta and protect the baby
44
What is the most common viral STI in the UK?
HPV
45
What is the lifetime risk of acquiring HPV?
80%
46
What HPV genotypes cause genital warts?
6 and 11
47
What HPV genotypes cause cervical cancer?
16 and 18
48
What strains of HPV are the new vaccines protecting against?
6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 51, 58
49
Which HPV strains are assoc with anogenital warts, palmar and plantar warts and cellular dysplasia?
Anogenital warts = 6 /11 Palmoplantar = 1/2 Cellular dysplasia = 16/18
50
How is HPV transmitted?
Likely to have acquired HPV from asymptomatic partner Incubation period is 3 weeks to 9 months Subclinical disease is common on all anogenital sites HPV strains come in packs
51
How many people will have spontaneous clearance of anogenital warts?
20-34%
52
What is the treatment of HPV warts?
Podophyllotoxin Imiquimod Cryotherapy Electrocautery
53
What has been the impact of HPV vaccination?
79% reduction in CIN1 88% reduction in CIN 2 89% reduction in CIN 3
54
What causes syphilis?
Treponema Pallidum
55
What will treponema pallidum look like on dark light microscopy?
Spirochetes
56
How is syphilis transmitted?
Sexual contact Trans-placental/ during birth Blood transfusion Non-sexual contact; health care
57
What are the different classifications of syphilis infections?
Congenital | Acquired
58
What are the early forms of acquired syphilis?
Primary Secondary Early latent
59
What are the late forms of acquired syphilis?
Late latent | Tertiary
60
What is the incubation period of primary syphilis?
9-90 days (mean of 21)
61
What is the main lesion of primary syphilis?
Primary chance; painless At site of sexual inoculation Non-tender local lymphadenopathy
62
What is the incubation period of secondary syphilis?
6 weeks to 6 months
63
What are the sequelae of secondary syphilis?
``` Skin; macular, follicular or pustular rash on palms + soles Lesions of mucous membranes Generalized lymphadenopathy Patchy alopecia Condylomata lata Proctitis Ophthalmology ```
64
How is syphilis diagnosed?
Demonstration of treponema; dark field microscopy or PCR from lesions or infected lymph nodes Serological testing; detects antibodies to pathogeic treponemes
65
What test show the marker of syphilis disease activity?
VDRL | RPR; used in tayside
66
What is the screening serological test for syphilis?
ELISA
67
What test is done post +ve ELISA ?
TPPA
68
What is the treatment for early and late syphilis?
Early; 2.4 MU Benzathine penicillin x1 | Late: 2.4 MU Benzathine penicillin x3
69
What is the follow up foro syphilis?
Follow up serologically until RPR is negative Titres should decreased fourfold by 3-6 months in early syphilis Serological relapse/ reinfection if titres increase by fourfold

Repro and Sexual Health (77 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions