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MGT 3023 > Stress > Flashcards

Stress Flashcards

1
Q

What are costs of stress for employees?

A
  • poor physical health
  • poor psychological health
  • financial costs.
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2
Q

What are costs of stress to the organization?

A

-CWB, decreased job performance, financial costs.

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3
Q

What are costs of stress for stakeholders.

A

-customers, families, us economy

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4
Q

Define stress.

A

A response to any type of demand made on a person

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5
Q

What are two types of stress?

A
  • acute: response to a onetime stressful event

- chronic: response to a repeated or persistent source of stress.

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6
Q

What are the three stages of stress?

A
  • alarm reaction stage
  • resistance stage
  • exhaustion stage.
  • also called the general adaptation syndrome.
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7
Q

What is the alarm reaction stage?

A
  • the body mobilizes resources to cope with stress.

- heart rate increases and hormones are released.

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8
Q

What is the resistance stage?

A

-body copes with the source of stress.

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9
Q

What is the exhaustion stage?

A
  • overall resistance decreases

- negative consequences occur such as heart disease, buronout, and headaches.

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10
Q

Define stressor.

A
  • physical or psychological demands to which an individual responds.
  • source of stress.
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11
Q

What are physical stressors?

A

-elements of environment

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12
Q

What are psychological stressors.

A

-role ambiguity, role conflict, role overload

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13
Q

What is a psychological stressor?

A
  • lack of control.

- can fix through flexible time schedules, participative decision-making, removing unnecessary restrictions.

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14
Q

Describe role ambiguity.

A

-an emploee lacks clear understanding of what behaviors are expected in their jobs.

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15
Q

Describe role conflict.

A

-an employee receives incompatible demands from different sources.

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16
Q

Describe role overload.

A

-an employee is expected to fulfill too many roles at the same time.

17
Q

Describe psychological stressors.

A

intepersonal confiltc such as obstructionism/agressive behaviors and unfriendly or violence.
-results from scarcity of resources, incompatibility of interests, injustice.

18
Q

Define work-family confilct.

A

-conflict between roles employees fulfil at work and roles they fulfill in their personal lives.

19
Q

What are challenge-related stressors?

A
  • work demands and situations that, although stressful, offer potential gains.
  • deadlines, number of tasks/projects assigned, time spent at work, level of responsibility.
  • lead to higher job satisfaction and organizational commitment, fewer turnover.
20
Q

What are hindrance-related stressors?

A
  • work demands and situations that interfere with work.
  • broken equipment, interpersonal conflict.
  • lower job satisfaction and organizational commitment, higher turnover.
21
Q

HOw doe stress affect information processing?

A

-we have a limited amount of cognitive resources and if some of them are used to cope with stress, fewer resources are left for other tasks.

22
Q

What does stress have negative effects on?

A

-memory, reaction times, creativity, task focus, decision-making: do not process all the info available to us under stress which leads to poorer decisions.

23
Q

How does stress affect behavior?

A
  • job performance goes down if we are stressed.
  • Optimal level of stress: if stress is work-related and the task we are working on is relatively simple.
  • No optimal level when tasks are complex.
24
Q

What does stress lead to?

A

-higher CWB and negative emotions.

25
Q

Describe the psychological consequences of stress.

A

-fatigue, mental health problems (anxiety, depression), poor job attitudes(job satisfaction)

26
Q

Describe burnout.

A

-an extreme state of stress that results from prolonged exposure to job stressors and exceeds individuals ability to cope with it.

27
Q

What are the three dimensions of burnout?

A
  • emotional exhaustion: feel emotionally drained.
  • depersonalization: become hardened by their job and treat clients or patients as objects.
  • low sense of personal accomplishment: feel powerless to deal with work-related problems effectively
28
Q

What physisiological problems does stress cause?

A
  • cardiovascular problems
  • digestive problems
  • increased levels of stress hormones that wekane immune system and increase risk of coronary heart disease.
29
Q

What are two ways to prevent and reduce stress

A

-by employees and by organizations.

30
Q

Two ways for individuals to manage stress

A
  • regulate emotions, thoughts and behaviors

- build resilience to stress

31
Q

How do you regulate emotions?

A
  • situation selection
  • situation modification
  • attentional deployment
  • cognitive change.
32
Q

What is cofnition regulation?

A
  • engage in positive self-talk
  • use constructive mental imagery
  • eliminate dysfunctional beliefs and assumptions
33
Q

what is behavior regulation?

A
  • self observation
  • self-reward
  • self-correcting feedback
34
Q

What are strategies for resilience?

A
  • energy management(meditation)
  • minimize catastrophic thinking
  • cultivating gratitude
  • strengthen relationships
  • praise others.
35
Q

Describe the three types of stress interventions.

A
  • primary: reduce stressors
  • secondary: modify response to stressors.(prevent stress)
  • Tertiary:treat symptoms of stress.
36
Q

Describe possible primary preventions.

A
  • encourage employee’s participation in decision-making
  • provide clearer role descriptions
  • provide more flexible work schedules
37
Q

Descrbe possible secondary interventions.

A
  • physical fitness
  • skills training
  • provide social support
38
Q

Describe possible tertiary interventions.

A
  • employee assistance programs
  • symptom directed
  • individual psychotherapy
  • career counseling.

MGT 3023 (11 decks)

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