Stress Flashcards
(42 cards)
1
Q
stress
A
- non-specific response of the body to any demand made upon it
- Defined culturally, personally (individual differences in interpretation and reaction), and by gender (women tend to report more stress than men)
- Range from normal to prolonged stress
- Some stress is a motivator, too much is debilitating
- The more predictable stress is, the less stressful it is – if you’ve habituated to a source of stress, it’ll be less stressful
2
Q
stressors
A
- situations, events that cause stress
- Can be internal (self-generated), relational (relationship-related), environmental (the physical space)
3
Q
types of stressors
A
- Normative stressor events: normal, expected, we all have it
- Non-normative stressor events: atypical, unexpected, unanticipated
- Non-events and stress: anticipated event didn’t occur
4
Q
what are top sources of stress?
A
- Most stressful: too many demands/hours, little control
- Middle: interpersonal relationships
- Lower: risk of getting laid off (unless there’s a recession happening)
5
Q
how occupation and scheduling predicts workplace stress
A
- Self-employed report different stressors
- Full-time workers report more stress
- Rotating shift workers worry about accidents
- Managers stress over hours
- Primary industry workers stress about safety
6
Q
sources of work stress
A
- Workload
- Work responsibilities
- Work environment
7
Q
when is work stress viewed as positive?
A
- When workers…
- Feel dedicated to their job
- Have clear opportunity for personal growth
- Feel valued and supported by the organization
8
Q
gender differences in effective workplace coping
A
- Men: planning and management to deal directly with the source of pressure/stress
- Women: social support seeking (ie. Looking to others for instrumental and emotional support)
9
Q
burnout
A
- Overlap of exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy
- Symptoms:
– Physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion
– Depersonalization; insensitivity; feeling closed-off, callous, cynical, or hostile toward others
– Helplessness or low feelings of accomplishment because efforts seem wasted - Typically felt by people in “helping” professions
Indicates that a change is needed (can be attitudinal, new job, etc.)
10
Q
types of stressors
A
- traumatic events (ie. natural disasters)
- life events
- daily hassles
11
Q
top 10 stressful events for adults (highest to lowest)
A
- Death of spouse
- Divorce
- Marital separation
- Imprisonment
- Death of family member
- Personal injury or illness
- Marriage
- Dismissal from work
- Marital reconciliation
- Retirement
12
Q
top 10 stressful events for non-adults (highest to lowest)
A
- Death of a parent
- Unplanned pregnancy/abortion
- Getting married
- Divorce of parents
- Acquiring visible deformity
- Fathering a child
- Jail sentence of parent
- Marital separation of parents
- Death of sibling
- Change in acceptance by peers
13
Q
Canadian life event data
A
- Illness or injury of close friend/family is most common
- 66% had one major stressful life event in 1 year
- 25% had 2 major stressful life events
- 16% had 3 or more stressful life events
14
Q
how can you manage daily hassles?
A
by re-framing negative hassles into something more positive
15
Q
stress and systems theory
A
stress comes from various sources (inputs) and has various outcomes (outputs)
16
Q
gender differences in stress
A
Women react to more stressors than men and feel stressed more often
17
Q
crises
A
events that require changes in normal patterns of behaviour; often initiate stress
18
Q
stress overload, pileup, and spillover
A
the cumulative effect of many stresses building up at one time
19
Q
ABCD-XYZ Resource Management Model of Stress
A
- A: stressor event
- B: coping resources
- C: definition of situation
- D: Demands of situation
- X: crisis or stress
- Y: cognitive coping and management
- Z: adaptive behaviour
20
Q
outsourcing
A
- paying someone else to do one’s work
- Increasing due to 3 factors:
- More women working
- Older population
- Bigger middle class (middle class are responsible for increasing trend)
21
Q
theory of comparative advantage
A
individuals and companies do best when they focus on activities they can add the most value to, and outsource the rest to specialists
22
Q
comfort zone
A
combination of habit and everyday expectations mixed with adventure and novelty; the space where stress level feels right
23
Q
domino effect
A
passing work stress on to family and onto individuals
24
Q
external vs. internal stress
A
- External stress: stress is brought on from outside the individual
- Internal stress: stress originating from one’s own mind/body (ex. Setting unrealistic standards for yourself, having body image issues, etc.)
25
types of external stress
- Acute major stress: result of a recent event (ie. Car accident, death of loved one)
- Ongoing, role-oriented stress: caused by chronic difficulties in one's work or family role
- Lifetime trauma stress: result of severe trauma, such as exposure to war, natural disasters, or death of parents as a child
26
Hans Selye
- Father of stress research
- Showed that there are 2 types of stress: eustress and distress
- - Eustress: beneficial stress (ie. Feeling excited or adventurous)
- - Distress: harmful stress (ie. Feeling anxious and afraid)
27
psychological hardiness
having a sense of control over their lives and don’t fear change; suffer less in stressful situations
28
3 C's of Stress Resiliency
Commitment, control, and challenge
29
theory of adaptive range
some change is vital to everyone's health and well-being
30
stages of body response to stress
- Alarm reaction: body prepares to react to stressful event (fight-or-flight takes place, pupils widen, heart races, etc.)
- Resistance: body adapts to the demand
- Exhaustion: danger has passed and person feels tired and is susceptible to illness
31
who tends to seek help for stress management?
- People who aren't super stressed, but are health conscious and want to prevent it
- People who are distressed, angry, or depressed
- People with medical problems related to stress
32
type A vs. type B personality
- Type A: striving behaviour, high job involvement, impatience, competitiveness, desire for control and power, aggressiveness, and hostility (more likely to experience stress, but don't internalize it)
- Type B: more relaxed, easygoing, reflective, and cooperative (less likely to experience stress, but internalize it)
33
2 types of coping
- Problem-focused: attempts to change the stressful relationships, behaviours, and environments
- Emotion-focused: focuses on regulating the emotional distress caused by the harm or threat
34
job stress
- harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the demands of the job don't fit the worker
- Experienced most by low-level workers with little control
35
Karoshi
Japanese word meaning "death by overwork"
36
extreme work
jobs that require 60+ hour workweek, or jobs that require lots of travel or a 24/7 on-call schedule
37
brownout
predecessor to burnout; fatigue and irritability show up, eating and sleeping patterns may be disturbed, cynicism and indecision set in, and if nothing changes, burnout will result
38
children and stress
- Children can experience stress too, and rely on adults to teach them coping mechanisms
- Children are stressed about the grown-ups in their lives, about global things such as war, and because they're being forced to take on too many responsibilities and grow up too fast
39
adolescents/young adults and stress
- High school and college students can also suffer from burnout
- Time-managing behaviours good at reducing stress
- - Female undergrads better at this than males
- Women have higher academic stress and anxiety
40
fatigue vs. insomnia vs. chronic fatigue syndrome
- fatigue: lack of energy or motivation and a strong desire to stop, rest, or sleep; is not always related to stress
- insomnia: perception or complaint of inadequate or poor-quality sleep
- chronic fatigue syndrome: debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and can be worsened by physical or mental activity
41
REM vs. non-REM sleep
- REM: rapid eye movement sleep (light sleep, dreaming)
| - NREM: inactive, deep sleep
42
sleep hygiene
promotion of regular sleep
