Stress and Health Flashcards
(27 cards)
Hans Selye
injected rats with chemical that caused ulcers and disrupted the immune system
injected rats with saline and had the same problem
discovery of stress
chronic stress negatively effects long-term health due to sustained production of _____
cortisol
external demands placed on organism
organism’s internal biological and psychological responses to such demands
stress
stress influences
endocrine system
immune system
brain structure and function
gene expression
major contributing factors to illness
psychological and behavioral (hypertension, heart disease, cancer)
two body systems that respond when stressor is perceived
sympathetic-adrenomedullary (SAM) system
hypothalamic-pituitary adrenocortical (HPA)
hypothalamus -> CRH (through bloodstream) -> anterior pituitary -> ACTH (through bloodstream) -> adrenal cortex -> cortisol
HPA axis
significant component of multiple DSM diagnostic categories
trauma- and stressor-related disorders
stress and DSM
adjustment disorder is a group of symptoms, such as stress, feeling sad or hopeless, and physical symptoms that can occur after you go through a stressful life event
adjustment disorder
characterized by the development of severe anxiety, dissociative, and other symptoms that occurs within one month after exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor
acute stress disorder
exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury or sexual violence in one or more of the following ways: direct experience, witnessing it in person, learning it occurred to a family member or friend, repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of event
post-traumatic stress disorder: criterion A event
PTSD causing experiences
military combat, prisoner of war/concentration camp/torture experience, traumas caused by human intent, accidents or natural disasters
spontaneous memories of the traumatic event, recurrent dreams related to it,
flashbacks or other intense or prolonged psychological distress
intrusion or re-experiencing
distressing memories,
thoughts, feelings or external reminders of the event
avoidance
represents myriad feelings, from a persistent and distorted sense of
blame of self or others, to estrangement from others or markedly diminished interest in activities, to an
inability to remember key aspects of the event
negative cognitions and mood
marked by aggressive, reckless or self-destructive behavior, sleep disturbances, hypervigilance
or related problems
arousal and reactivity
causal factors in posttraumatic stress disorder
nature of trauma
individual risk factors
sociocultural risk factors
pharmacological treatment for ptsd
antidepressants (SSRIs)
psychological treatments for ptsd
prolonged (imaginal) exposure (PE)
cognitive processing therapy (CPT)
form of behavior therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy designed to treat post-traumatic stress disorder, characterized by re-experiencing the traumatic event through remembering it and engaging with, rather than avoiding, reminders of the trauma
breathing, talking, exposure, recall
prolonged (imaginal) exposure
help the client understand and reconceptualize their traumatic event in a way that reduces its ongoing negative effects on their current life
dealing with “stuck points”
decreasing avoidance of the trauma is crucial to this
cognitive processing therapy
key characteristics of stressors
severity, chronicity, timing, degree of impact, level of expectation, controllability
motivated performance / social stress situation
task engagement
appraisals of coping resources vs. task demands
show psychological processes and how they direct physiological processes/responses systems
biospsychological situation model of challenge of threat
resources > demand
challenge
