stroke - hemorrhagic syndromes

Question 1

“Brain PAD”

Answer 1

pia

arachnoid

dura

(from inner to outer)

Question 2

hemorrhagic syndromes

Answer 2

intracerebral hemorrhage

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 3

intracerebral hemorrhage

Answer 3

bleeding from an arterial source into brain parenchyma

more common in men

Question 4

what is #1 risk of intracerebral hemorrhage

Answer 4

hypertension

polycythemia

Question 5

what can lead to bleeding intracerebral hemorrhage

Answer 5

thrombocytes and anticoagulant therapy

Question 6

pathogenesis intracerebral hemorrhage

Answer 6

smooth muscle replaced by collagen

–> accumulation of deposits on the subintimal wall

Question 7

clinical manifestations intracerebral hemorrhage

Answer 7

gradual neurologic symptoms

severe headache

Question 8

syndromes intracerebral hemorrhage

Answer 8

putamen

thalamus

cerebellum

pons

caudate

internal capsule

lobar

Question 9

which syndrome are seizures more common intracerebral hemorrhage

Answer 9

lobar

Question 10

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 10

blood in the subarachnoid space b/w the arachnoid and pia maters

spontaneous

often seen in normotensive persons

Question 11

what’re responsible for most SAH

Answer 11

aneurysm and vascular malformations

Question 12

clinical manifestations subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 12

sentinel headache w/ sudden onset of a “thunderclap” w/ searing pain

very sudden, unlike intracerebral

Question 13

what percentage of individuals are misdiagnosed individually subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 13

38%

Question 14

what’re individuals misdiagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 14

viral meningitis

migraine

headache of uncertain etiology

Question 15

types subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 15

berry aneurysm

venous malformations

arteriovenous malformations

cavernous malformation

Question 16

berry aneurysm

Answer 16

congenital abnormal distension of a local vessel that occurs at a bifurcation

medial later of the vessel is weakest –> branching sites on the large arteries of the circle of willis

Question 17

venous malformations

Answer 17

veins –> usually thickened and hyalinized w/ minimal elastic tissue or smooth muscle

Question 18

which individual are at risk for great hemorrhage subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 18

cerebellar malformation

Question 19

arteriovenous malformations

Answer 19

direct artery to vein communication w/o an intervening capillary bed

congenital and occur in cerebral hemispheres

Question 20

what happens w/ arteriovenous malformations

Answer 20

brain tissue becomes nonfunctional

Question 21

arteriovenous malformations occur

Answer 21

in the 3rd or 4th decade of life

Question 22

signs that precede a hemorrhage arteriovenous malformation

Answer 22

seizures

headache

audible bruit

progressive focal neurologic deficits

cognitive decline

Question 23

how is arteriovenous malformation diagnosed

Answer 23

angiography

Question 24

cavernous malformation subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 24

consists of dilated, endothelium-lined, fibrous channels

autosomal dominance

women more susceptible to hemorrhage

Question 25

cavernous malformation vessel walls do not have any

Answer 25

smooth muscle or elastin

straw like

Question 26

who’re more susceptible to hemorrhage cavernous malformation

Answer 26

women

Question 27

cavernous malformation diagnosis

Answer 27

MRI

Question 28

lobar intracerebral hemorrhage

Answer 28

frontal

temporal

occipital

parietal

Question 29

frontal intracerebral hemorrhage

Answer 29

contralateral limb weakness

ipsilateral conjugate gaze

abulia (apathetic)

Question 30

temporal intracerebral hemorrhage

Answer 30

hemianopia

left side aphasia

Question 31

occipital

Answer 31

hemianopia

visual field loss

Question 32

parietal intracerebral hemorrhage

Answer 32

slight contralateral hemiparesis and hemisensory loss

left sided neglect

poor drawing/copying