Stroke - ischemic

Question 1

what is a stroke

Answer 1

cerebral vascular accident

sudden devastating vascular event that results in destruction of surrounding brain tissue

Question 2

what is the primary cause of stroke

Answer 2

cerebrovascular disease

Question 3

stroke is

Answer 3

primarily a consequence of change in heart function and integrity of blood vessels providing blood to the brain

Question 4

ischemic syndromes

Answer 4

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

ischemic stroke

Question 5

transient ischemia attack

Answer 5

focal neurologic symptoms that resolve w/in 24 hours

mini stroke

Question 6

ischemic stroke

Answer 6

blood supply to part of the brain is decreased

–> dysfunction of the brain tissue in that area

Question 7

pathogenesis ischemic syndromes

Answer 7

occlusion of major arteries

secondary vascular responses

secondary neuronal damage

Question 8

secondary vascular responses

Answer 8

cell death surrounding the area of blocked blood flow may be d/t the squeezing of micro vessels by the swelling of the astrocyte

Question 9

secondary neuronal damage

Answer 9

neuronal function is impaired when cerebral blood flow falls blow 20mmHg/100 mg/min of tissue per minute

neuronal death occurs at 8-10 ml/100mg/min

Question 10

what can decreased blood flow lead to

Answer 10

changes in metabolism which can further cause cellular damage

Question 11

prognosis

Answer 11

recovery fastest in first 3 weeks after onset

most measurable neurologic recovery in the first 3 months

Question 12

clinical manifestations

Answer 12

middle cerebral artery syndrome

internal carotid artery syndrome

anterior cerebral artery syndrome

posterior cerebral artery syndrome

vertebral and posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome

basilar artery syndrome

superior cerebellar artery syndrome

anterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome

lacunar syndrome

Question 13

treatment

Answer 13

thrombolytic and antithrombotic agents used for treatment and prevention

mechanical embolus removal in cerebral ischemia (MERCI) for intracranial clot retrieval of very large clots

prophylaxis

Question 14

prophylaxis

Answer 14

action taken to prevent disease

anticoagulation

lipid lowering agents

neuroprotection

nerve growth

surgical intervention

control of symptoms

Question 15

neuroprotection

Answer 15

to decrease amount of cell death

enhancing aminobutyric acid activity, serotonin agonists, minocycline to reduce inflammation

Question 16

control of symptoms

Answer 16

weakness of extremities

muscle spasms

urinary incontinence

depression