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Immunology > Structure & Function of Antibodies (14) > Flashcards

Structure & Function of Antibodies (14) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 isotypes or classes of antibodies?

A

Immunoglobin G (IgG)
IgM
IgD
IgE
IgA

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2
Q

IgA is associated with

A

mucosal immunity

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3
Q

IgE is associated with

A

parasitic infections
allergies

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4
Q

IgM is associated with

A

initial infection

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5
Q

What are the domains on the heavy chain of a IgG antibody?

A

1 variable domain
3 constant domains

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6
Q

The heavy chain is attached to the light chain via _____ bonds

A

disulfide

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7
Q

What are the domains of the light chain in IgG?

A

variable domain
constant domain

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8
Q

The antigen binds to _______ regions to heavy and light chains

A

variable regions
(VH & VL)

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9
Q

What comprises the Fab region in the antibody molecule?

A

VH
CH1
VL
CL

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10
Q

What comprises the Fc region of the antibody molecule?

A

CH2
CH3

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11
Q

[Constant/Variable] domains are missing in antibody binding region

A

Constant

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12
Q

What determines the isotype/class of the antibody?

A

the two identical heavy chains

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13
Q

What are the sequences of heavy chains?

A

mu - IgM
delta - IgD
gamma - IgG
epsilon - IgE
alpha - IgA

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14
Q

What are the sequences of light chains?

A

lambda
kappa

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15
Q

____ bonds hold the chains together in the antibody and are also important for the structure of the _______

A

Disulfide bonds
domain loops

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16
Q

What are domains?

A

repeating, homologous units or homebody regions

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17
Q

____ amino acids make 1 domain

A

110

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18
Q

What is the antigen binding end of the molecule?

A

Fab region - VH1, CH1, VL, CL
(fragment antigen binding)

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19
Q

What is the Fc region of the antibody? (fragment crystallization)

A

tail of the molecule
dictates biological activity
consists of CH2 and beyond

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20
Q

What is the antigen binding site?

A

consists of VH & VL domains
binds to epitope of the antigen

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21
Q

Within the ____ and ____ regions, there are hypervariable domains, or complementarity determining region

A

VH
VL

22
Q

_____ in the hypervariable region bind to the antigen

A

Amino acids

23
Q

Hypervariable regions are not next to each other in a linear structure but come together to form an _________ when the protein folds

A

antigen-binding site

24
Q

What is an antigen?

A

that which stimulates an immune response

25
Q

What is an epitope?

A

part of the antigen that the antibody binds to
an antigen can have many epitopes

26
Q

T/F: Antigen-Antibody binding is non-covalent

A

TRUE

27
Q

What bonds are in antigen-antibody binding?

A

electrostatic
hydrogen
van der waal forces
hydrophobic bonds

28
Q

T/F: Antigen-Antibody binding is irreversible

A

FALSE - reversible

29
Q

Where is IgG found?

A

found in blood stream and in the interstitial fluid in tissues
found in high concentration in colostrum of large domestic species

30
Q

What are important functions of IgG?

A

complement activation
neutralization of viruses and toxins
opsonization
systemic immunity in newborn
antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

31
Q

There are ____ heavy chains on IgM. It is a ______

A

10
pentameter

32
Q

List some features of IgM

A

held together by disulfide bonds and J chains
first class of antibody produced in a primary response
complement activation
agglutination

33
Q

IgA is a ____

A

dimer

34
Q

What is IgA held together by?

A

J chain

35
Q

Where is IgA mostly found?

A

mucosal surfaces

36
Q

What is added to IgA as it is transported to the mucosal surface?

A

secretory component

37
Q

What is the function of IgA?

A

found on mucosal surfaces where it can neutralize toxins and block entry of pathogens
it is also found in mother’s milk and helps provide intestinal immunity to neonate

38
Q

What is the structure of IgE?

A

five domains in heavy chain
lot of polysaccharide is attached to the heavy chain

39
Q

In IgE, a lot of _______ are attached to the heavy chain

A

polysaccharide

40
Q

What are the functions of IgE?

A

important in defense against helminthic parasites
mediator of immediate hypersensitivity

41
Q

The ____ portion of IgE has high affinity for the ______ on a ____ cell

A

Fc
Fc receptor
mast cell

42
Q

IgE can also activate _______

A

eosinophils

43
Q

T/F: The concentration of IgE in plasma is low

A

TRUE - most are on mast cells

44
Q

Binding of antigen to IgE on a mast cell can result in ______

A

mast cell degranulation

45
Q

IgD is found on ______ and has a _____ function. It is important in B cell development

A

B cell surfaces
regulatory function

46
Q

What antibody isotype is this?

A

IgM

47
Q

Which antibody isotype is this?

A

IgG

48
Q

Which antibody isotype is this?

A

IgA

49
Q

Which antibody isotype is this?

A

IgE

50
Q

Which antibody isotype is this?

A

IgD

Immunology (36 decks)

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