Structured Of Ribonucleic Acid Flashcards
(16 cards)
How is DNA transferred from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where it can then be translated into proteins?
using RNA
Name the three types of RNA that are important for protein synthesis
Messenger RNA
Transfer RNA
Ribosomal RNA
How is the mRNA able to leave the nucleus?
It is small enough to fit through the nuclear pores
What is a codon?
The sequence of three bases on mRNA that codes for a single amino acid
Definition of a genome
The complete set of genes in a cell, including those in mitochondria and/or chloroplasts
Definition of a proteome
The full range of proteins produced by the genome. This is sometimes called the complete proteome, which refers to the protein produced by a given type of cell under certain conditions
How is ribonucleic acid a polymer?
It is made up of repeating mono-nucleotide sub-units
What does each nucleotide within the single strand of RNA contain?
A ribose sugar
Bases - AUCG
A phosphate group
What is mRNA arranged in
A long strand in a single helix
What is the base sequence of DNA determined by?
The sequence of bases on a length of DNA
When mRNA enters the cytoplasm what happens?
It associated with ribosomes where it acts as a template for protein synthesis
Why is the structure of mRNA suited to its function in protein synthesis?
It has information in the form of codons and the sequence of codons determines the amino acid sequence of the specific polypeptide
Approximately how many nucleotides make up tRNA
80
What shape is the single stand chain of tRNA folded into?
A clover leaf shape
Why does part of the end of the chain of a tRNA molecule extend past the other?
So that an amino acid can easily attach to
Where is the anti codon located in a tRNA molecule
At the opposite end of the point of attachment
