Student Generated Final Exam Questions Flashcards

Question

** You have a cat brought in to your practice that has ingested some aspirin. Why should you be more concerned about this situation since you are specifically dealing with a cat?** a. Cats are smaller and the drug has a greater effect than on a dog b. Cat has hemoglobin that is more susceptible to break down c. Decreased glucuronidation in the cat will lead to slower elimination of the drug d. Both b and c are correct

Answer 1

** You have a cat brought in to your practice that has ingested some aspirin. Why should you be more concerned about this situation since you are specifically dealing with a cat?** a. Cats are smaller and the drug has a greater effect than on a dog b. Cat has hemoglobin that is more susceptible to break down c. Decreased glucuronidation in the cat will lead to slower elimination of the drug * *_d. Both b and c are correct_**

Answer 2

**You have a lactating dog brought to your clinic with heart arrhythmias. You are considering what drug to prescribe. What might be your concern with prescribing a basic drug like propranolol?** ## Footnote * *_a. the drug could be passed to the puppies through the milk_** b. the drug would accumulate in the urine if the dog had recently ingested some bicarbonate that same day c. drug could build up in her system since dogs have poor biliary excretion d. a and b are correct

Answer 3

**Which of the following drugs are used PRIMARILY as an anti-emetic?** ## Footnote a. Diphenhydramine b. Xylazine (Alpha2-Adrenergic Agonists) * *c. Metaclopramide** d. Apomorphine

Answer 4

**Stimulation of which type of receptor will cause an increase in cAMP?** a. Even numbered muscarinic cholinergic receptors b. Alpha2 Adrenergic Receptors * *c. Beta Adrenergic Receptors** d. Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Answer 5

**Which of the following does NOT apply to ruminants?** ## Footnote a. As herbivores they tend to metabolize drugs better than carnivores b. β2 –Adrenergic agonist can be used to slow the process of parturition * *_c. Erythromycin stimulates stomach and small intestinal motility effectively and safely without adverse effects_** d. Young ruminants tend to absorb drugs like monogastrics till there rumen develop

Answer 6

**Which of the following is matched correct for contraction of the muscle type listed?** ## Footnote a. β2 –Adrenergic agonist àsmooth muscle * *_b. Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptors à skeletal muscle_** c. PGF2α Agonist à skeletal muscle d. Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors à skeletal muscle

Answer 7

**Which one of these drug classes can have effects on glucose metabolism that resemble glucocorticoids?** a. H2-Blockers b. α-Adrenergic Agonists * *_c. β2-Adrenergic Agonists_** d. α-Adrenergic Antagonists

Answer 8

**Some of the newer bronchodilators on the scene are muscarinic receptor blockers, a group which includes atropine. Knowing this, what side effect might you see characteristic of this group of drugs?** * *_a. Mydriasis_** b. Decreased heart rate c. Increased tear production d. Increased GI motility

Answer 9

**You have a dog that presents with glaucoma, along with being slightly dehydrated. What are your options for treatment of this patient’s glaucoma and what action does the drug(s) take?** A. Pilocarpine- muscarinic cholinergic antagonist **B. Pilocarpine- muscarinic cholinergic agonist** C. Mannitol- osmotic diuretic D. B & C

Answer 10

** A dog has been on a long term treatment with Deracoxib, an oral NSAID, and now is presenting with severe gastric ulcers from the treatment. Which of the drugs below will treat the ulcers by reducing gastric acid secretion, as well as increasing cytoprotection by acting as a Prostaglandin E analog?** A. Cloprostenol B. Famotidine **_C. Misoprostol_** D. Either A or C

Answer 11

**35. Which process is NOT involved in drug biotransformation?** a. ) Oxidation/ Reduction b. ) Conjugation c. ) Hydrolysis * *_d.) Lipolysis_**

Answer 12

**What factor can be measured clinically to predict the renal drug clearance of a patient? _a.) Serum creatinine_** b. ) Urinary pH c. ) Arterial blood pressure d. ) Bile content of feces

Answer 13

**You have a patient with renal failure. Which drug should you avoid giving?** a. Furosemide - Diuretic * *_b. Enalapril – ACE inhibitor_** c. Phenylephrine – Alpha -1 Adrenergic Agonist d. Propranolol – Class II beta-adrenergic antagonist

Answer 14

**You are presented with a vomiting cat. The owner tells you the cat has just started vomiting, but assures you they are 100% sure the cat could not have gotten into anything toxic. You decide to administer xylazine, an emetic, to stop the vomiting. Shortly after administration, the owner remembers the cat did indeed come into contact with a poisonous plant. Which drug would you use to reverse the effect of the emetic you just gave?** a. Prazosin – Selective alpha1- AR antagonist b. Propranolol – Class II beta-adrenergic antagonist c. Apomorphine- Potent Emetic * *_d. Yohimbine – Selective alpha2-AR antagonist_**

Answer 15

**Which of the following provides GI protection?** A. Prostanoid homologs used as prostanoid receptor agonists B. H2 Histamine receptor agonists C. Proton pump inhibitors D. A and B E. B and C **_F. A and C_**

Answer 16

**Which of the following drugs act on both nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors?** A. Pilocarpine **_B. Carbachol_** C. Nicotine D. Bethanechol

Answer 17

**Diphenhydramine is an example of an _____ histamine receptor antagonist and is extensively bound to plasma proteins in the body. This means it has a high plasma drug concentration and a _____ volume of distribution (Vd).** A. H1 ; high **_B. H1 ; low_** C. H2; high D. H2 ; low

Answer 18

**Digoxin is a positive inotropic drug with a serum T1/2 of 24 hours in the dog. Which of the following is _TRUE:_** **_A. Digoxin will increase cardiac contractility by increasing Ca2+ availability and will reach steady state concentration in 96 hours_** B. Digoxin will increase cardiac contractility by increasing Ca2+availability and will reach steady state concentration in 6 hours C. Digoxin will increase cardiac contractility by blocking K+ channels and will reach steady state concentration in 96 hours D. Digoxin will increase cardiac contractility by blocking K+ channels and will reach steady state concentration in 6 hours

Answer 19

**Which of the following drugs should be given to treat systemic anaphylaxis?** a. Diphenhydramine * *_b. Epinephrine_** c. Cimetidine d. Cromoglycate

Answer 20

**The side effects of H1 antagonists are similar to the therapeutic effects of which muscarinic cholinergic antagonist?** * *_a. Atropine_** b. Norepinephrine c. COX-1 Inhibitors d. COX-2 inhibitors

Answer 21

**Which receptor (s) can be targeted with drugs to cause mydriasis?** a. Alpha 1 adrenergic R b. Alpha 2 adrenergic R c. Muscarinic Cholinergic R * *_d. A and C_**

Answer 22

**In what cases would it be appropriate to use the drug spironolactone?** * *_a. To treat hypokalemia and chronic heart failure_** b. To treat hypokalemia and hypertension c. To treat hyperkalemia and chronic heart failure d. To treat hyperkalemia and hypertension

Answer 23

**What do the following four drugs have in common?** B-adrenergic receptor agonist (Isoproterenol) mAChR agonist (Pilocarpine) Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor - diuretic (Acetazolamide) Non-specific diuretic (Mannitol) a. They are all lipid soluble and therefore have large volumes of distribution b. They are all coupled to cAMP second messenger system * *_c. They all can be used to help treat glaucoma because of their ability to reduce intraocular pressure_** d. They all decrease intracellular Ca+2 levels and thus are effective treatments for cardiac arrhythmias.

Answer 24

**A patient is recovering from a surgery during which he received Vecuronium, a neuromuscular blocker. As he wakes up during recovery, the owner looks concerned and panicked about the manner in which his dog is waking up. You inform the owner that his dog...** * *_a. is recovering and that the medication is still wearing off from his larger muscles and that when he does fully wake, he should be in a decreased pain state because you administered the COX2 selective NSAID, Carprofen._** b. is recovering and that the reversal drug administered, Atropine, still needs some time to increase his cardiac output. c. is recovering and that the CNS effects of the drug are still wearing off because of the drug crossing the blood brain barrier it can take a little more time for liver biotransformation and excretion d. is experiencing tachycardia, a side effect of this neuromuscular blocker.

Answer 25

** Which of the following is false regarding NSAID-induced ulcers?** a. COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition reduces PGE2 and PGI2 prostanoids, reducing their cytoprotective effects. b. Misoprostil is a PGE2 analogue that decreases acid and has a short-term cytoprotective effect. * *_c. H2-histamine antagonists like Famotidine are the most effective treatment for gastric ulcers._** d. Gastric acid pH can be decreased by drugs like Omeprazole. e. Famotidine efficacy decreases over time due to the body’s response to produce more gastrin.

Answer 26

** Match the drug with its possible additive effects when paired with furosemide.** ## Footnote 1. Decrease furosemide efficacy due to decreased GFR - NSAID's 2. Additive diuretic effects, increase in urine salt concentration - Hydrochlorothiazide 3. Hypokalemic acidosis - Glucocorticoids 4. Cardiac arrhythmias - Digitalis 5. Hearing loss - Ototoxic drugs (ex. Cisplatin)

Answer 27

**Which choline ester does NOT have nicotinic activity?** a) Succinylcholine * *_b) Bethanechol_** c) Carbamylcholine d) Acetylcholine

Answer 28

* *Match the characteristics with the correct species** a) Cat (3) b) Rabbit (1) c) Horse (2) d) Ruminants (4) 1- The heart is the major shock organ involved in anaphylaxis 2- Use of Clenbuterol as a bronchodilator to help treat heaves 3- Relatively low level of drug glucuronide conjugation 4- Phenylbutazone is not used in this species due to its long half life (38-78 hrs)

Answer 29

** Match each drug with the action that best describes it. Each answer may be used only once. ** ## Footnote A. H1-Antihistamine - *Diphenhydramine* B. dual COX/5-LOX inhibitor - *Tepoxalin* C. muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonist - *Pilocarpine* D. beta-adrenergic antagonist - *Propanolol *

Answer 30

** Which of the following is NOT an effect of a Class II antiarrhythmic drug? ** A. Decreased heart rate and cardiac contractility **_B. Increased [cAMP]_** C. Decreased AV nodal conduction D. Block reflex bronchodilation

Answer 31

**Match each drug name with the type of drug that it is:** ## Footnote Aspirin - *NSAID* Pimobendan (Vetmedin) - *Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor * Lidocaine - *Na Channel Blocker * Famotidine - *H2 Histamine Antagonist *

Answer 32

** Give the name and type of receptor that is antagonized by Maropitant.** a. ) serotonin receptor, ligand gated ion channel b. ) bradykinin receptor, G-protein coupled receptor * *_c.) neurokinin receptor, G-protein coupled receptor_** d. ) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, kinase linked receptor

Answer 33

** An H2 antagonist like cimentidine acts on receptors on which of the following cells:** a. ) mast cells, to inhibit histamine release b. ) skin neurons, to prevent histamine-mediated depolarization (“flare”) * *_c.) gastric parietal cells, reducing acid secretion_** d. ) endothelial cells, to inhibit histamine-mediated capillary permeability (“wheal”)

Answer 34

**Why is particle size an important factor regarding nebulized drugs?** a. ) smaller particles are not lipid soluble * *_b.) only a fraction of the drug is absorbed from the lungs; most is swallowed_** c. ) an increase in particle size decreases the therapeutic effect of these drugs d. ) particles too large may be trapped by alveolar macrophages

Answer 35

**In regards to the kidney: NSAIDs reduce the production of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which is a major controller of kidney perfusion. Reducing this factor will cause hypoperfusion. But, we now know of a drug we can give to increase blood flow to the kidneys called, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.** A) Prostaglandins, Epinephrine **_B) Prostaglandins, Fenoldapam_** C) NF-kappa Beta, Albuterol D) NF- kappa Beta, Diphenhydramine

Answer 36

** There are special considerations to keep in mind when treating cats. Which one of these is NOT true in regards to cats?** ## Footnote A) They cannot do glucuronidation B) Sinus arrest may occur from administration of IV Lidocaine **_C) They are unable to metabolize Carprofen_** D) Higher molecular weight --\> greater chance of biliary excretion

Answer 37

**Which pair of drugs would NOT work synergistically to produce their desired effect(s)?** a) Hydrochlorothiazide - Enalapril b) Furosemide – Hydrochlorothiazide * *_c) Epinephrine - Propranolol_** d) Dobutamine - Amlodipine

Answer 38

**Match each drug with its indication for use Drugs:** 1. Acetazolamide (c) 2. Misoprostol (b) 3. Theophylline (a) 4. Bethanechol (d) * *Indications for use:** a. Bronchodilation through inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity b. Prevention or treatment of gastric ulcers c. Decrease intraocular pressure from glaucoma d. Stimulation of urinary bladder or gastrointestinal motility

Answer 39

**Which of the following is a locally-acting emetic agent?** a. Warm water b. Concentrated sodium chloride solution c. 3% hydrogen peroxide * *_d. All of the above_**

Answer 40

**The major “shock” organ involved in anaphylaxis in the dog is the \_\_\_\_?** a. Heart * *_b. Intestines_** c. Lungs d. None of the above

Answer 41

**When using a dopamine agonist to treat CHF, which dopamine receptor would be the better drug target? _A. D1-like dopamine receptor, because it causes an increase in [cAMP]_** B. D2-like dopamine receptor, because it causes an increase in [cAMP] C. D1-like dopamine receptor, because it causes a decrease in [cAMP] D. D2-like dopamine receptor, because it causes a decrease in [cAMP]

Answer 42

**Which of the pairings below INCORRECTLY represents an agonist-antagonist pair at their specific receptor?** A. Xylazine—Yohimbine B. Cortisol—Mifepristone **_C. Bethanechol—Pancuronium_** D. Histamine—Hydroxyzine

Answer 43

**Which drug is a Prostanoid Receptor Agonist used for GI ulcers?** A. Cloprostenol (Estrumate) **_B. Misoprostil (Cytotec)_** C. Omeprazole (GastroGard) D. Travoprost (Travatan)

Answer 44

**Match the drug with its associated class** A. Chronic Heart Failure Class I B. Chronic Heart Failure Class II C. Chronic Heart Failure Class III D. Chronic Heart Failure Class IV E. Antiarrhythmic Drugs Class I F. Antiarrhythmic Drugs Class II G. Antiarrhythmic Drugs Class III H. Antiarrhythmic Drugs Class IV 1. Positive inotropes OR vasodilators OR Beta-AR blockers 2. Positive inotropic agents AND vasodilators/Beta-AR blockers 3. Potassium channel blockers 4. No drug, just decrease sodium intake 5. Sodium channel blockers 6. Calcium channel blockers 7. Thiazide diuretics 8. Beta-Adrenergic receptor antagonists **_Answers:_** A: 4 B: 7 C: 1 D: 2 E: 5 F: 8 G: 3 H: 6

Answer 45

**Thanks to Dr. Brown, we now know that Epinephrine is used clinically as a “first line” drug for the treatment of systemic anaphylaxis. What the heck is Epinephrine? and what would be the best route of administration to quickly resolve this possibly life-threatening condition?** a) H1-histamine receptor agonist (“antihistamine”); via intravenous injection. b) H1-histamine receptor agonist (“antihistamine”); via intramuscular injection. c) α2-adrenergic receptor agonist; via subcutaneous injection. * *_d) Catecholamine (NOT a “antihistamine”); via intravenous injection_**

Answer 46

**First pass metabolism is an important pharmacological concept that relates to a drug given by _________ route of administration. First pass metabolism has the effect of _________ drug concentrations in the body (when compared to other routes that don’t undergo first pass metabolism).** * *_a) Oral; decreasing_** b) Transdermal; increasing c) Intravenous; increasing d) Intravenous; decreasing

Answer 47

** Carboxyesterase converts the pro-drug irinotecan to its active form SN-38, which is anti-neoplastic. Based on the SN-38 chemical structure alone, which of the following biotransformation reactions could potentially be used to eliminate the drug from the body? (More than one answer may be marked)** _**A. Glucuronidation B. Sulfate Conjugation**_ C. Glutathione Conjugation D. N-Acetylation **_Answer: A & B, the chemical structure has –OH groups which means that glucuronidation via UGT’s and sulfation via SULT’s are possible for elimination of the drug from the body._**

Answer 48

**Given that the drug above is primarily eliminated via the bile/feces, which of the following enzyme/reaction pairs taking place in the intestine would be active in extending the half-life of SN-38 by rescuing the compound from elimination?** A. UDP-glucuronyltransferases (UDT’s) via Enterohepatic Drug Recycling **_B. Beta-glucuronidase via Enterohepatic Drug Recycling_** C. Phosphoglucomutase via Glucuronic Acid Conjugation D. Beta-glucuronidase via Anti-Neoplastic Drug Recycling

Answer 49

**Which types of drugs are most permeable across the GI cell membrane because of their high lipid solubility?** ## Footnote a. Cardiac  Glycosides b. Thiazides c. Carbamates * *_d. Organophosphates_**

Answer 50

**You work at a country clinic and have been called out to a farm to perform a castration. While doing the surgery out in the field, you've decided to use xylazine as part of your drug concoction to sedate the horse. Upon finishing the surgery, you notice the animal is not waking up as quickly as you would like and are concerned that the xylazine may have depressed his response. To reverse the xylazine you decide to give** a. Furosemide * *_b. Yohimbine_** c. Dexamethasone d. Propranolol

Answer 51

** Which drug(s) can aggravate diabetes mellitus?** A. epinephrine B. medetomidine C. prednisone **_D. both A and C_**

Answer 52

**NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors when used together glomerular filtration rate. NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandins which and Ace inhibitors inhibit Angiotensin II which . _A. Decrease, which decrease afferent flow, which increase efferent flow_** B. Increase, which decrease afferent flow, which increase efferent flow C. Decrease, which increase afferent flow, which decrease efferent flow D. Increase, which increase afferent flow, which decrease efferent flow

Answer 53

**Which of these is not a function of Lidocaine?** 1. It is a class 1B Antiarrhythmic drug 2. It stimulates intestinal motility * *_3. It binds to sodium channels in the resting state_** 4. It decreases automaticity in the heart

Answer 54

**Which of the following statements is true?** 1. Spironolactone has the same effect on sodium retention as Cortisone. 2. Dexamethasone has very potent sodium retention activity in the kidneys. * *_3. Potassium-sparing diuretics inhibit the effects of aldosterone. _** 4. Cortisone does not exhibit aldosterone-like activity.

Answer 55

**Which of the following conditions IS NOT treated by catecholamines?** A. Acute heart failure B. Anaphylactic shock C. Hemostasis **_D. Gastrointestinal ulcers_**

Answer 56

**Which of the following drugs acts as an antagonist at their respective receptor?** A. Bethanecol **_B. Diphenhydramine_** C. Cortisol D. Dobutamine (catecholamines)

Answer 57

**Which drug can help decrease intraocular pressure and/or aqueous humor production in patients with glaucoma?** ## Footnote A) Pilocarpine B) Betoxolol C) Latanoprost D) Acetasolamide **_E) All of the above_**

Answer 58

**Please match the drugs to their appropriate function.** A) Diphenhydramine = 2 B) Propranolol = 4 C) Lidocaine = 3 D) Triamterene = 1 1) It blocks epithelial Na+ channels in principle cells of the late distal tubule and collecting duct of the kidney, but is not aldosterone dependent. 2) It inhibits allergic reactions by blocking H1-histamine receptors 3) It acts on cardiac Na+ channels to decrease automaticity in the heart. 4) It slows heart rate and atrioventricular conduction by a direct action on cardiac neurotransmitter receptors.

Answer 59

**Match each drug with it’s target:** A. Propranolol - *bAdrenergic receptor antagonist* B. Misoprostil - *PGE derivative* C. Isoproterenol - *Badrenergic receptor agonist* D. Tepoxalin - *COX inhibitor*

Answer 60

**Which of the following drugs does NOT produce vasodilation?** Isoproterenol **_Lidocaine_** Bethanecol Misoprostil

Answer 61

**Which of the following is FALSE in regard to the Beta2 – Adrenergic Agonists?** a. They act to increase the diameter of small and large airways b. They act to decrease the release of inflammatory mediators c. Binding to the receptor causes an increase in [cAMP] * *_d. All beta-AR’s are competitively blocked by phentolamine_**

Answer 62

**Lidocaine is a class 1B drug that acts on \_\_\_\_. It is also is extensively bound to plasma proteins, giving it a ____ Vd so it is more _____ removed from the body.** * *_a. sodium channels, small, quickly_** b. sodium channels, large, slowly c. potassium channels, small, quickly d. potassium channels, large, slowly

Answer 63

**Which of the following is FALSE regarding norepinephrine?** A. Inactivated via non-microsomal oxidation processes (i.e. Monoamine oxidase) B. Potentiated by Glucocorticoids C. Increases blood pressure, thus decreasing HR via baroreflex vagal activation D. Can be used to restore cardiac contractility in the case of cardiac arrest **_E. None are false -- All statements are true regarding norepinephrine_**

Answer 64

** Which of the following is FALSE regarding NSAIDs?** A. Concurrent administration of Famotidine or Misoprostil may help prevent gastric ulcers B. NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase activity **_C. NSAIDs cause an increase in body temperature in febrile animals_** D. NSAIDs may cause blood clotting alterations or nephropathy

Answer 65

**Which one of the following drugs can be used to treat ventricular tachyarrhythmias and stimulate intestinal motility?** A. Erythromycin **_B. Lidocaine_** C. Diltiazem D. Sotalol

Answer 66

**Which one of the following drugs does not act at β2-adrenergic receptors?** A. Propanolol B. Clenbuterol **_C. Xylazine_** D. Ractopamine

Answer 67

**A dog comes into your clinic with signs of Chronic Congestive Heart Failure (weakness, myocardial ischemia, tachycardia and atrial fibrillation). You decide to administer beta blockers to relax the heart muscle, slow the heartbeat and decrease blood pressure so blood can flow more easily. Which of the following routes of admission would you NOT recommend?** A. Intravenous (IV) **_B. Subcutaneous injection _** C. Oral medication D. All of above methods would work equally as well; route is not very important.

Answer 68

**Which of these drugs would not be used to treat congestive heart failure?** a. Enalapril b. Pimobendan * *_c. Albuterol_** d. Carvedilol

Answer 69

**Which drug class causes vasoconstriction?** a. NSAIDs b. Anti-histamines c. Cholinergic agonists * *_d. Alpha adrenergic receptor agonists_**

Answer 70

**An accidental morphine overdose was given to a patient. Knowing that morphine is a weak base, what can be done to increase its elimination rate?** ## Footnote **_A. Acidify urine pH; this will keep more weak bases (morphine) in the lumen, allowing a greater amount to be passed in the urine._** B. Alkalinize the urine pH; “like helps like,” more morphine molecules will be ionized, thus being eliminated more quickly. C. Nothing can be done; morphine isn’t eliminated by the urine. D. None of the above

Answer 71

**Glucocorticoids cause increased glycogenolysis (hyperglycemia) and lipolysis (increased free fatty acid). Which adrenergic receptor(s) mediates similar effects?** a. Alpha 1 b. Beta 1 c. Alpha 1 and 2 * *_d. Beta 2 and 3_**

Answer 72

**Zylazine is a drug that acts on alpha 2 adrenergic receptors. It is used to produced sedative, muscle relaxant and analgesic effects. It also acts at a specific spot in the body to provide another function, what is that. _a. Acts on the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the brain to induce vomiting_** b. Acts on smooth muscle to cause contraction c. Acts on sweat gland to induce secretion d. Acts on the eye, to reduce intraocular pressure

Answer 73

**Which of the following drug pairs have opposite effects on cAMP concentration through binding to different receptors?** A. Pilocarpine – Bethanechol B. Yohimbine – Xylazine **_C. Xylazine – Dobutamine_** D. Prazosin – Yohimbine

Answer 74

**Match each drug with an indication for its usage.** 1. Lidocaine (C) 2. Spironolactone (A) 3. Tropicamide (D) 4. Epinephrine (B) A. A hypokalemic patient needs to increase urine volume B. A patient experiencing systemic anaphylaxis C. A patient is experiencing ventricular arrhythmia D. A patient's pupils need to be briefly dilated for an eye exam

Answer 75

**Which drug classes are used to decrease intraocular pressure?** Check all that apply **_o Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) inhibitors (Acetylzolamide)_** o Choline esterases (carbachol) _**o Muscarinic cholinergic agonists (pilocarpine) o β– blockers (bextaxolol)**_

Answer 76

**H1 agonist drugs do which of the following:** A. Increase free intracellular Ca2+ B. Increase capillary permeability C. Increase cAMP **_D. Both A and B_** E. All of the above

Student Generated Final Exam Questions Flashcards

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