Study midterm

Question 1

Hypertrophy

Answer 1

An increase in cell size that results in an enlargement of functioning tissue mass

Question 2

Atrophy

Answer 2

A cellular adaptation in which cells revert to a small size.
-Disuse or diminished
Ex. Paralysis

Question 3

Pathognomic Changes

Answer 3

Unique histological findings that represent distinct disease processes

Question 4

Transudate

Answer 4

A non-infected blister (watery clear fluid)

Question 5

Tachydysrhythmias

Answer 5

Rapid irregular rhythms of the ventricle

Question 6

Brady dysrhythmias

Answer 6

Slow irregular rhythms of the ventricle

Question 7

Wheezes

Answer 7

High pitched, whistling sounds

Question 8

Friction rub

Answer 8

Grating, scratchy sound

–Inflammation of the pleural surfaces

Question 9

Crackles (rales)

Answer 9

Noncontinuous sounds

–HF or pneumonia

Question 10

Angina Pectoris

Answer 10

Squeezing pain in chest, lack of blood flow to myocardium

Question 11

Hemoptysis

Answer 11

Is blood containing sputum

Question 12

Atelectasis

Answer 12

Is the collapse of alveoli

Question 13

Expectoration

Answer 13

Is the process of coughing up sputum

Question 14

Rhonchi

Answer 14

Low-pitched, snore-like

–Inflamed bronchi

Question 15

Dyspnea

Answer 15

Shortness of breath

Question 16

Myocardial infarction

Answer 16

Prolonged ischemia leading to irreversible damage

Question 17

Hypoxia

Answer 17

Is the insufficient oxygen in the body

Question 18

Hypoxemia

Answer 18

Lack of oxygen in bloodstream

Question 19

Hypercapnia

Answer 19

Elevated carbon dioxide levels

Question 20

Infarction

“ischemic necrosis”

Answer 20

Death of tissue results from prolonged ischemia

Question 21

Apoptosis

Answer 21

Programmed cell death

Question 22

Neoplasia/Tumor

“New growth”

Answer 22

Disorganized, uncoordinated, uncontrolled cell growth that is cancerous.
-benign or malignant

Question 23

Dysplasia

Answer 23

Deranged cellular growth

-Vary in SIZE, SHAPE and architectural organization compared with healthy cells

Question 24

Hyperplasia

Answer 24

The increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ

only in cells capable of mitosis

Question 25

Metaplasia

Answer 25

Replacement of one cell type with another | EX. GERD

Question 26

Purulent exudate

Answer 26

Pus; fluid rich in protein from WBCs, microbial organisms, and cellular debris.

Question 27

Abscess

Answer 27

Localized, walled-off collection of purulent exudate

Question 28

Effusion

Answer 28

Accumulation of fluid in a body cavity.

Question 29

Leukocytosis

Answer 29

An increase in white blood cell number. | White blood cell count being between 15,000-20,000 cell/mL.

Question 30

Chemotaxis

Answer 30

Chemical signals attract WBCs and platelets.

Question 31

Cytokines

Answer 31

Inflammatory mediators released by WBCs. Amplify or deactivate the process. -EX. Tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukins.

Question 32

Fibrinogen

Answer 32

Binds to RBCs and fixes them into stacks that precipitate.

Question 33

Pyrogens

Answer 33

Substances that cause fever.

Question 34

Lymphadenopathy

Answer 34

Enlargement of lymph nodes, often due to inflammatory process.

Question 35

Chronic inflammation

Answer 35

Inflammation for weeks or months with no resolution or healing.

Question 36

Hemostasis

Answer 36

Stops bleeding

Question 37

Wound retraction

Answer 37

Contraction of the wound edges to close the tissue gap due to myofibroblasts.

Question 38

Primary intention

Answer 38

Least complicated wound repair, there is no missing tissue, and there are clear wound edges

Question 39

Secondary intention

Answer 39

Extensive tissue loss, regeneration with same cell type is not possible. Longer wound healing with wound contraction to close gap.

Question 40

Tertiary intention

Answer 40

Missing large amounts of deep tissue, prominent scarring, skin graft often needed.

Question 41

Eschar

Answer 41

Dead tissue that sheds or falls off from healthy skin.

Question 42

Debridement

Answer 42

Removal of necrotic tissue.

Question 43

Wound dehiscence

Answer 43

Previously closed wound edges open and ruptures.

Question 44

Wound evisceration

Answer 44

Internal tissues and organs protruding from open wound.

Question 45

Keloid

Answer 45

Hyperplastia of scar tissue.

Question 46

Contractures

Answer 46

Inflexible shrinkage of a wound.

Question 47

Stricture

Answer 47

Narrowing of an open area.

Question 48

Fistula

Answer 48

Abnormal connection between two structures.

Question 49

Adhesion

Answer 49

Abnormal bands of internal scar tissue that can limit mobility. Internal scar tissues between tissues and organs

Question 50

5 cardinal signs (inflammation)

Answer 50

``` Rubor (redness) Tumor (swelling) Calor (heat) Dolor (pain) loss of function ```

Question 51

Precancerous cervical cells is an example of this type of cell alteration.

Answer 51

Dysplasia

Question 52

Which bacterial often causes pneumonia?

Answer 52

Streptococcus

Question 53

Which of the following is the etiology of mononucleosis?

Answer 53

Epstein Barr Virus

Question 54

Proliferation of cancerous white blood cells is called

Answer 54

Leukemia

Question 55

Which of these are more common in children under 6 years old?

Answer 55

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Question 56

Platelet disorders can be due to increase platelet activity due to..

Answer 56

Diabetes, smoking and hyperlipidemia