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SU unit 7 weather Flashcards

1
Q

Every physical process of weather is accompanied by, or is the result of, a

A

heat exchange

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2
Q

What causes variations in altimeter settings between weather reporting points?

A

Unequal heating of the Earth’s surface

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3
Q

The wind at 5,000 feet AGL

A

Friction between the wind and the surface

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4
Q

The development of thermals depends upon

A

solar heating

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5
Q

Convective circulations patterns associated with sea breezes are caused by

A

cool, dense air moving inland from over the water

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6
Q

The boundary between two different air masses is referred to as a

A

front

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7
Q

One weather phenomenon which will always occur when flying across a front is a change in the

A

wind direction

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8
Q

One of the most easily recognized discontinuities across a front is?

A

A change in temperature

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9
Q

If there is thunderstorm activity in the vicinity of an airport at which you plan to land, which hazardous atmospheric phenomenon might be expected on the landing approach?

A

Wind-shear turbulence

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10
Q

A nonfrontal, narrow band active thunderstorms that often develop ahead of a cold front is known as a

A

squall line

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11
Q

What conditions are necessary for the formation of thunderstorms?

A

High humidity, lifting force, and unstable conditions.

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12
Q

During the life cycle of a thunderstorm, which stage is characterized predominately by downdrafts

A

Dissipating

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13
Q

Thunderstorms reach their greatest intensity during the

A

Mature stage

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14
Q

What feature is normally associated with the cumulus stage of a thunderstorm

A

continuous updraft

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15
Q

Which weather phenomenon signals the beginning of the mature stage of a thundrstorm?

A

Precipitation beginning to fall

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16
Q

Thunderstorms which generally produce the most intense hazard to aircraft are

A

squall line thunderstorms

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17
Q

Which weather phenomenon is always associated with a thunderstorm?

A

Lightning

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18
Q

The mature stage of a thunderstorm begins with

A

the start of precipitation

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19
Q

The destination airport has one runway, 8-26, and the wind is calm. The normal approach in calm wind is a left-hand pattern to runway 8. There is no other traffic at the airport. A thunderstorm about 6 miles west is beginning its mature stage, and rain is starting to reach the ground. The pilot decides to

A

delay departure until the thunderstorm has dissipated

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20
Q

You are avoiding a thunderstorm that is in your flightpath. You are over 20 miles from the cell: however, you are under the anvil of the cell. Is this a hazard

A

Yes, hail can be discharged from the anvil

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21
Q

One in-flight condition necessary for structural icing to form is

A

visible moisture

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22
Q

How will frost on the wings of an airplane affect takeoff performance

A

Frost will disrupt the smooth flow of air over the wing, adversely affecting its lifting capability

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23
Q

Which conditions result in the formation of frost

A

the temperature of the collecting surface is at or below the dewpoint of the adjacent air and the dewpoint is below freezing

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24
Q

How does frost affect the lifting surfaces of an airplane on takeoff

A

Frost may prevent the airplane from becoming airborne at normal takeoff speed

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25
In which environment is aircraft structural ice most likely to have the highest accumulation rate?
Freezing rain
26
The presence of ice pellets at the surface is evidence that there
is a temperature inversion with freezing rain at a higher altitude
27
Why is frost considered hazardous to flight
Frost spoils the smooth flow of air over the wings, thereby decreasing lifting
28
An almond or lens-shaped cloud which appears stationary, but which may contain winds of 50 knots of more, is referred to as
a lenticular cloud
29
Crests of standing mountain waves may be marked by stationary, lens-shaped clouds known as
standing lenticular clouds
30
Possible mountain wave turbulence could be anticipated when winds of 40 knots or greater blow
across a mountain ridge, and the air is stable
31
Where does wind shear occur?
At all altitudes, in all directions
32
A pilot can expect a wind-shear zone in a temperature inversion whenever the wind speed at 2,000 to 4,000 feet above the surface is at least
25 knots
33
When may hazardous wind shear be expected?
In areas of low-level temperature inversion, frontal zones, and clear aur turbulence
34
If the temperature/dewpoint spread is small and decreasing, and the temperature is 62 F, what type weather is most likely to develop?
Fog or low clouds
35
What is meant by the term "dewpoint"?
The temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated
36
The amount of water vapor which air can hold depends on the
air temperature
37
What are the processes by which moisture is added to unsaturated air?
Evaporation and sublimation
38
Clouds, fog, or dew will always form when
water vapor condenses
39
Low-level turbulence can occur and icing can become hazardous in which type of fog?
Steam fog
40
In which situation is advection fog most likely to form?
An air mass moving inland from the coast in winter.
41
What situation is most conductive to the formation of radiation fog?
Warm, moist air over low, flatland areas on clear, calm nights.
42
What types of fog depend upon wind in order to exist?
Advection fog and upslope fog
43
Clouds are divided into four families according to their
height range
44
The suffix "nimbus," used in naming clouds means
a rain clopud
45
The conditions necessary for the formation of cumulonimbus clouds are a lifting action and
unstable, moist air
46
What clouds have the greatest turbulence?
Cumulonimbus
47
At approximately what altitude above the surface would the pilot expect the base of cumuliform clouds if the surface air temperature is 82 F and the dewpoint is 38 F
10,000 feet AGL
48
What cloud types would indicate convective turbulence?
Towering cumulus clouds
49
What is the approximate base of the cumulus clouds if the surface air temperature at 1,000 feet MSL is 70 F and the dewpoint is 48 F
6,000 feet MSL
50
Cumulus clouds often indicate
Possible turbulence
51
What is characteristic of stable air?
Stratiform clouds
52
When warm, moist, stable air flows upslope, it
Produces stratus type clouds
53
If unstable air mass is forced upward, what type clouds can be expected
Clouds with considerable vertical development and associated turbulence
54
What are characteristics of unstable air?
Turbulence and good surface visibility
55
A stable air mass is most likely to have which characteristic?
Poor surface visibility
56
Steady precipitation preceding a front is an indication of
Stratiform clouds with little or no turbulence
57
What are characteristics of a moist, unstable air mass?
Turbulence and good surface visibility
58
What measurement can be used to determine the stability of the atmosphere?
Actual lapse rate
59
The stability of an air mass can usually be determined by
Cloud types and the type if precipitation
60
What would decrease the stability of an air mass
Warming from below
61
What are the characteristics of an unstable atmosphere
A warm, humid air mass
62
Clouds with extensive vertical development over mountainous terrain are a sign of
an unstable air mass
63
What feature is associated with a temperature inversion?
A stable layer of air
64
The most frequent type of ground or surface-based temperature inversion is that which is produced by
Terrestrial radiation on a clear, relatively still night.
65
When there is a temperature inversion, you would expect to experience
an increase in temperature as altitude increases
66
Which weather conditions should be expected beneath a low-level temperature inversion layer when the relative humidity is high?
Smooth air, poor visibility, fog, haze, or low clouds
67
An increase in temperature with an altitude increase
is indication of an inversion
68
Temperature and radiation variations over land with a clear sky typically lead to
minimum temperature occurring after sunrise

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