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Sub-saharan Africa Flashcards

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1
Q

When the definition of development focused on economic expansion

A

1940’s to 1970’s notably post ww2

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2
Q

Inequality

A

The richest 10% of the SSA population hold a disproportionately large share of the populations wealth

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3
Q

When did the definition begin to include social and environmental factors

A

1980’s

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4
Q

The Brundtland Project

A

1987

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5
Q

When did SSAs gini coefficient decrease

A

between 1991 and 2011

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6
Q

Pop of Ethiopia

A

90mil and growing

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7
Q

Proportion of Ethiopias pop living on less that 2 dollars a day

A

2/3

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8
Q

How much do estimates predict Ethiopias GDP to reduce due to climate change

A

10% by 2045

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9
Q

How many river basins does Ethiopia have

A

12

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10
Q

How much of the workforce and GDP farming accounts for in Ethiopia

A

85% workforce
45%GDP
Although less productive than 20 yrs ago

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11
Q

Most plots in Ethiopia are less than

A

0.5 hectares

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12
Q

How much mean temps with rise by 2050

A

2 degrees

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13
Q

Uncertainty of wether rainfall will increase or decrease in Ethiopia

A

-25% to +30% by 2050

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14
Q

How many livelihoods diamond mining in sierra leone supports

A

400k

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15
Q

How much did of GNI did farming account for before the civil war in sierra leone

A

20%

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16
Q

When was Sierra Leone’s civil war

A

1991-2002

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17
Q

How much diamonds are smuggled out of Sierra Leone

A

50-90% anually

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18
Q

Nigerias Oil reserves

A

10th largest proven oil reserves
3.1% of global
Among top 10 oil producers

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19
Q

Poverty in Nigeria

A

despite taking in $350b in past 40yrs, 70% of pop lives in poverty

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20
Q

% of employment in the Nigerian oil industry as a % of the modern sectors employment

A

1.3%

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21
Q

When did explorers find Nigerias black oil

A

1953

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22
Q

Gov corruption

A

Countries made $1.6t revenue in last 50 years but village ppl see little benefit

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23
Q

How many processed tomato’s Ghana imports

A

10k tons anually

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24
Q

When had all Ghanas tomato processing plants shut down by

A

2021

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25
Tomato processors in europe subsidy
£250m anually
26
Petroleum industries investment in exploration and production in Africa
$20b since 1990 expected a further $50bil in next decade
27
General electric
424-MW Bridge Power Project in Ghana $20M humanitarian project Employs over 2600 ppl in SSA who earned more than $3.3bil in 2015
28
% of national income tourism has accounted for in past in SSA
21%
29
Police corruption bribes
Often demand $5+ in road blocks 40% of transport operators revenue lost to bribes
30
What was Sierra Leone ranked in the transparency internationals corruption perception index
130th in 2017
31
When was the scramble for Africa
1885-1914
32
Dependence on single commodities in African countries
up to 90%
33
Investment by China in Africa
$12.8B in 2012
34
How many killed in local conflicts since South Sudan gained independence
10K since 2011
35
How much is Sudans GDP estimated to lower and poverty to increase
48% decrease in GDP and 1.8m more ppl in poverty by end of this year
36
When was Ebola discovered in Africa
2014
37
Impact of Ebola in Africa
95% mortality rate in children below 1 Over 18k lost parents to Ebola Over 28K cases and 11k deaths $2.26b lost in 2015 in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone
38
How many attended primary school before Ebola in Guinea
58%
39
Malaria in Africa
88% of cases and 90% of deaths by it globally in Africa $2.7b total funding in elimination by 2016
40
Cost of unequal treatment of women in Africa
$95B (6% of GDP) annually between 2010 and 2014
41
Earnings and responsibilities of women in SSA
Earn 30% less than men 70% of burden of collecting household water falls on women
42
Proportion of children out of school in SS Africa
58% sec age
43
How many of Rwandas seats held by women
64% by 2018
44
Rwandan genocide between Tutsis and Hutus
1994 April 7 to July 800k killed Growth slumped by 50% and inflation rose by 64% Exported 14 tons of coffee in 2003, 42K in 1986 7 mil (nearly 2/3 of pop) lives below poverty line
45
Cost of pesticide related illness in SSA
Reached $90B between 2005 and 2020
46
Growth of chemical pollution in Africa compared to in N. America and Europe
Expected 25% in N.American and europe 40% in Africa
47
Agriculture in Uganda
22.5% of GDP, 48% of exports, 66% (8.8mil) of working pop 87% of pop lives in rural areas 73.6% using pesticides don’t use recommended body protective gear 99% of pesticide related deaths in developing countries
48
49
Nigeria GDP
$405B
50
Gov funds from Nigeria’s oil industry
80%
51
When the shell petroleum developing company of nigeria came into being
1979
52
The Niger Delta
Home to 90% Nigerias oil reserves Before oil 75% of pop relied on environment for subsidence Its drinking water contains 900 times more pollution that world health organisation levels Loss of 10% of mangrove plantations Would cost $1B to clean up all oil and take 30 yrs
53
Ugandan farmers
99% express absence of labels on pesticides Only 23% said they would be able to read them anyway
54
% of Lagos, Nigeria exposed to air pollution
94%
55
Desertification
20Bt fertile soil lost to it every year 2/3 of earth in process of becoming desert By 2030, 1b ppl in Africa will live in dry land conditions
56
Conflict in Kenya
Pop growth; 21.4 mil to 47.6 mil from 1989 to 2019 - estimated to reach 57.8 mil by 2030 Between 2020-22 kenyan herders lost 2.5mil heads of cattle 286 deaths in 2012 due to conflict, 239 between 2020-22
57
The great green wall
Launched 2007 8000km 3x size of great barrier reef 15% underway by 2017 and 18-30mil hectares restored Goal to restore 100M hectares by 2030
58
Dry land development programme
helped 40k farmers with land degradation doubled yields and expanded irrigation from 10 to 30ha
59
World bank and IMF in Africa
Cost of weather related events in Africa in last 20 years is $10B Since 1970, 460m ppl in Africa affected by over 2000 natural disasters So far bank has invested $900m
60
Ethiopian growth and transformation plan
Launched 2010 annual GNI growth of over 10% in first 5 years (way above the required 7% by SDG’s) GTP 2 aimed for 11%
61
Farm Africa
170 staff Vitamin A deficiency effects 34% of women and 36% of children in Uganda Supports 1000 farmers despite 39 mil pop
62
Disadvantages of NGO’s
Kenya shut down 500 in 2014 Allegations in Chad in 2006 1000 allegations of abuse every year
63
Walmart
$2.4b offer in 2011 for South Africa Massmart; its 3rd largest retailer with 288 stores

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