Suffixes, combining forms and prefixes

Question 1

Adeno

Answer 1

Gland

Question 2

Arth

Answer 2

joint

Question 3

Carcin

Answer 3

cancerous

Question 4

Cardi

Answer 4

heart

Question 5

Cephal

Answer 5

head

Cephalalgia:
“Cephalo-“ (head) + “-algia” (pain) = headache.
Cephalocele:
“Cephalo-“ (head) + “-cele” (hernia, swelling) = a protrusion of part of the brain and meninges through an opening in the skull.
Cephalohematoma:
“Cephalo-“ (head) + “hemat-“ (blood) + “-oma” (tumor, mass) = a pool of blood under the scalp.
Cephalic:
“Cephal-“ (head) + “-ic” (relating to) = relating to the head or located near the head.
Cephalometry:
“Cephalo-“ (head) + “-metry” (measurement) = measurement of the bones of the head.
Cephalization:
“Cephalo-“ (head) + “-ization” (process of) = the development of a highly specialized brain.

Question 6

Cerebr

Answer 6

cerebrum (brain)

Question 7

Cis

Answer 7

to cut

Ex. Scissors

Question 8

Crin

Answer 8

to secrete

In medical terminology, the root word “crin” or “-crine” signifies “to secrete” or “secretion”. It is often used in terms related to glands and their functions.
Examples of terms using “crin” or “-crine”:
Endocrine: This term combines “endo” (inside) and “-crine” (to secrete), referring to glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
Exocrine:
This term combines “exo” (outside) and “-crine” (to secrete), referring to glands that secrete substances through ducts onto an epithelial surface.
Crinogenic:
This term means “secreting,” used in medical terms to describe something that produces secretions.

Question 9

Cyst

Answer 9

urinary bladder

In medical terminology, the root word “cyst” (or its variations cyst/o, cysti) refers to a sac or bladder, specifically the urinary bladder or a cyst itself. Examples include cystoscopy (examination of the bladder), cystic fibrosis (a genetic disorder affecting the bladder and other organs), and cystic tumor (a tumor containing fluid-filled sacs)

Question 10

Cyt

Answer 10

cell

The medical root word “cyt” means “cell”. It’s commonly used in terms related to cells and their functions, structures, and diseases.

Cytology: The study of cells.
Cytoplasm: The material within a cell.
Cytogenetics: The study of the inheritance patterns of cells.
Cytokine: A type of signaling molecule that affects cell behavior.
Cytotoxic: Able to damage or kill cells.
Cytokinesis: The process of cell division.
Cytosome: A structure within the cytoplasm of a cell.
Cytophotometry: A technique used to measure the intensity of light passed through cells.
Cytopathy: Any disease or disorder of the cells.
Cytoprotective: Protecting cells from damage.

Question 11

Derm

Answer 11

skin

Question 12

Electr

Answer 12

electricity

Question 13

Encephala

Answer 13

brain

Question 14

Enter

Answer 14

intestine (small intestine)

Question 15

Erythr

Answer 15

red

Examples include erythrocyte (red blood cell), erythromycin (an antibiotic), and erythroblast (an immature red blood cell).

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone primarily produced by the kidneys that plays a crucial role in red blood cell production.

Question 16

Gastr

Answer 16

stomach

Question 17

Gynec

Answer 17

women/ female

Question 18

Hemat

Answer 18

blood

Question 19

Hem

Answer 19

Blood

Question 20

Hepat

Answer 20

Liver

Question 21

Leuk

Answer 21

White

Question 22

Necr/o

Answer 22

death/dead

The “necr/o” root word, derived from the Greek word “nekros,” means “death” or “corpse”. It’s commonly used in medical and scientific terms to refer to dead tissue or the process of dying. Examples of words using this root include necropsy (examination of a dead body), necrosis (death of cells), and necrotizing (causing tissue to die)

Question 23

Neo

Answer 23

New

In medical terminology, it’s commonly used to describe new or abnormal conditions, especially those related to growth. Examples include “neoplasm” (new growth, often a tumor) and “neonatal” (relating to newborns)

Question 24

Nephr

Answer 24

Kidney

The medical root word “nephr-“ refers to the kidneys. It’s derived from the Greek word “nephrós,” meaning “kidney”.
Examples of words using “nephr-“ include nephritis, nephroma, nephrolithiasis, and nephrectomy.
Here’s a more detailed breakdown:
Nephritis: Inflammation of the kidneys.
Nephroma: A tumor of the kidney.
Nephrolithiasis: The presence of kidney stones.
Nephrectomy: The surgical removal of a kidney.
Nephron: The functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtration.
Nephropathy: Any kidney disease.
Nephrotic: Relating to or denoting a condition characterized by a large amount of protein in the urine, edema, and high blood cholesterol.
Renal: Pertaining to the kidneys (a synonym for nephro-), according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

Question 25

Neuro

Answer 25

Nerve The root word "neuro" means "nerve" or "nervous system." Some examples of words using this root are: **Neurology**: The branch of medicine dealing with the nervous system. Neuropathology: The study of nerve diseases. Neuroscience: The study of the brain and nervous system. Neurotransmitter: A chemical messenger used by neurons. Neuritis: Inflammation of a nerve. Neurosurgeon: A surgeon specializing in the nervous system.

Question 26

Nulli

Answer 26

None In medical terminology, the prefix "nulli-" signifies "none" or "no". It's used to describe things that don't exist or are absent. Examples: Nullipara: A woman who has never borne a child. Nulligravida: A woman who has never been pregnant.

Question 27

Onc

Answer 27

Tumor It's used to form words related to the study and treatment of tumors, including **oncology**, which is the branch of medicine concerned with tumors and cancer. Other examples include "oncogenic" (tumor-causing) and "oncocytoma" (tumor of epithelial cells)

Question 28

Ophthalm

Answer 28

Eye

Question 29

Oste

Answer 29

Bone

Question 30

Path

Answer 30

disease The Greek root word "path" signifies both "feeling" and "disease". In medical terminology, it often refers to "disease" or "suffering". Examples include pathology (study of diseases), pathogen (disease-causing agent), and pathogenesis (the way a disease develops).

Question 31

Pancreat

Answer 31

pancreas

Question 32

Para

Answer 32

near/besides Paraplegia: Paralysis of the lower extremities, often described as "beside" or "beyond" normal mobility.

Question 33

Ped

Answer 33

child

Question 34

Penia

Answer 34

deficiency The medical suffix "-penia" indicates a deficiency or lack of something. It comes from the Greek word penia, meaning "poverty" or "need". Examples of medical terms using "-penia" Leukopenia: A deficiency in white blood cells. Neutropenia: A deficiency in neutrophils, a type of white blood cell. Thrombocytopenia: A deficiency in platelets, which are necessary for blood clotting. Cytopenia: A deficiency in one or more types of blood cells. Calcipenia: A deficiency in calcium. Chloropenia: A deficiency in chloride. Glycopenia: A deficiency in glucose.

Question 35

Phasia

Answer 35

speech The medical suffix "-phasia" signifies "speech" or a disorder of speech. Examples include: aphasia (loss of the ability to speak or comprehend language), dysphasia (difficulty speaking), and paraphasia (erroneous speech patterns)

Question 36

Psych

Answer 36

mind

Question 37

Radi

Answer 37

xray

Question 38

Ren

Answer 38

kidney

Question 39

Rhin

Answer 39

nose In medical terminology, the root word "rhin-" or "rhino-" both refer to the nose. Here are some examples of words using these roots: rhinitis (inflammation of the nose) rhinorrhea (runny nose), rhinoplasty (surgical reshaping of the nose).

Question 40

Sarc

Answer 40

flesh In medical terminology, the root word "sarc" or "sarco" (both meaning "flesh" or "connective tissue") is used to form words related to muscles, tumors, and other tissues. Examples include sarcopenia (age-related muscle loss), **sarcoma** (a malignant tumor of connective tissue), and sarcocarp (the fleshy part of a fruit

Question 41

Sect

Answer 41

to cut In medical terminology, words with "sect" often relate to cutting or **dividing**. Examples include dissect (to cut apart for examination), bisect (to cut into two), trisect (to cut into three), and vivisection (surgical procedures on living animals)

Question 42

Thromb

Answer 42

Clot The medical root word "thromb-" (or "thrombo-") refers to a blood clot or clot of blood. Examples of medical terms using this root include: **Thrombosis**: The formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. Thrombocyte: A blood cell, also known as a platelet, that helps with blood clotting. Thrombophilia: A disorder where a person has an increased tendency to form blood clots. Thrombectomy: A surgical procedure to remove a blood clot. Thromboembolism: A blood clot that travels to and obstructs a blood vessel.

Question 43

Ur

Answer 43

urinary tract, urine