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PhyMod > Superficial Cold Modalities > Flashcards

Superficial Cold Modalities Flashcards

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1
Q

Hemodynamic effect has initial ___ and late ___

A

decrease in blood flow, increase

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2
Q

explain initial decrease in blood flow (4)

A 
- Makes blood viscous
		○ Reduce blood flow
	- Decrease production of vasodilator 
		○ Histamine and prostaglandin
		○ Less lumen
		○ Vasoconstriction
	- Direct: Smooth muscle contraction => vasoconstriction
	- Indirect: DRG => Reflex activation of sympathetic adrenergic neurons => vasoconstriction
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3
Q

explain Later increase in blood flow

A
  • Cold induced vasodilation
    • Temperature lowers then rises which causes vasodilation
    • Hunting response
      ○ Alternating cold and hot
      ○ Protective mechanism
      ○ Prolonged vasoconstriction deprives them of oxygen
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4
Q

explain gate control theory

A

a beta and a alpha fibers are stimulated in order to activate inhibitory interneuron in the substantia gelatinosa that will inhibit impulses from a delta and c fibers from reaching the second order neuron

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5
Q

How many mins application for decreased ncv

A

5 mins or more

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6
Q

cold is more effective on which fibers for decreasing nerve conduction velocity

A

a alpha

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7
Q

how does cold increase pain threshold

A

decreasing ncv, spasm is reduced

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8
Q

how does cold reduce edema

A

○ Reduction of blood flow
○ Reduction of free nerve ending compression
○ Less pain

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9
Q

how long for application of cold for increase in strength of muscles

A

< 5 mins

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10
Q

how long for application of cold to decrease strength

A

> 5-30 mins

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11
Q

why do muscles decrease in strength with long periods of cold

A

○ Reduce blood flow
○ Lower ncv
○ Increased viscosity of muscle components
Stiffness of tissues

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12
Q

cold reduces spasticity. t or f.

A

True

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13
Q

How long should cold be applied to reduce spasticity

A

10-30 mins

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14
Q

how does cold reduce spasticity

A
  • Lowering activity of gamma motor neuron activity

- Lowering afferent spindle and GTO activity

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15
Q

Long application needed for facilitation of muscle contraction. T or F.

A

False

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16
Q

How does cold facilitate muscle contraction

A
  • Facilitates alpha motor neuron

- Facilitates tone

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17
Q

when we use cold or hot modalities, pain is completely eliminated. T or F.

A

False

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18
Q

Cold is recommended when healing is delayed. T or F.

A

False

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19
Q

How does cold decrease metabolic rate

A
  • Inhibits of cartilage degrading enzymes for OA
    ○ Collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase and protease
    • Reduces level of histamine in blood for RA
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20
Q

Methods of heat loss

A

conductio, convection, evaporation, respiration

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21
Q

uses for cryotherapy (9)

A
  • Inflammation
    • Edema control
    • Reduce DOMS
    • Pain control
    • Modification of spasticity
    • Symptom management in multiple sclerosis
      ○ Feel fatigue in warm temperatures
    • Facilitation
    • Cryokinetics (w exercise)
    • Cryostretch
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22
Q

Purpose of cryokinetics and cryostretch

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A
  • Reduce soreness
23
Q

how to heal acute burns

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A
  • Apply flowing cool water
24
Q

why is cold used with Joint mobilization or deep friction massage

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A

desensitizes patient for the uncomfortable aspect

25
contraindications (7)
Cold hypersensitivity/cold-unduced urticaria Cold intolerance Cryoglobulinemia Paroxysmal cold hemoglubinuria Raynaud's disease Regenerating peripheral nerve Area with vascular disorder
26
Precautions (5)
- Over superficial main branch of nerve (do not compress) - Open wound ○ Make sure you do not impede blood flow - Hypertension - Poor sensation Extreme ages of patients
27
signs of - Cold hypersensitivity/cold-unduced urticaria
cold hives
28
signs of cold intolerance
○ Severe pain ○ Numbness ○ Discoloration
29
signs of cryoglobulinemia
○ Aggrevation of proteins ○ Impairs circulation ○ No circulation ○ ischemia
30
signs of - Paroxysmal cold hemoglubinuria
○ Hemoglobin is released in urine
31
Signs of Raynaud's disease
○ Affects small arteries ○ Ischemic reactions ○ Vasospasm of small arteries
32
CBAN
cold, burning, numbing, ching
33
PRICES
protection, rest, ice, compression, elevation, support
34
POLICE
protection, optimal loading, ice, compression, elevation
35
Cold packs storage and duration of application
- Stored in freezer at -5 degrees | - Duration: 10-20 mins
36
ice packs duration of application
10-20 mins
37
ice massage is time consuming. t or f
true for large areas
38
in ice massage skin shouldn't drop below ___ degrees
15
39
vapocoolant spray evolution
ethyl chloride=> fluorimethane => spray at stretch, instant ice and pain ease
40
components of spray at stretch, instant ice and pain ease
11133- pentafluorpropane 1112- tetrafluoroethane
41
how to apply vapocoolant spray
○ Upright and angles at 30 degrees ○ 30-45 cm away from skin ○ 10 cm per second ○ For trigger points over muscle (follow fibers) ○ Increase rom § 2-3 sprays § If additional is needed, warm area first
42
quick icing or brief icing is used to facilitate which fibers
a delta and c fibers
43
quick icing is used for hypertonic muscles. t or f.
false, used for hypotonic or flaccid muscles
44
a-icing
three swipes of ice
45
c-icing
hold ice for 3-5 seconds thrice
46
chemical cold packs storage
-12 to -9 degrees
47
application period of chemical cold packs
10-12 mins
48
chemical cold packs
2 substances one in small one in large bag
49
ice towels duration
10-15 mins
50
cold bath temp
13-18 degrees
51
cold whirlpool temp
10-16 degrees
52
cold whirpool time
5-15 mins
53
documentation
cryotherapy using technique on body area in position x duration to rationale

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