Intro to PhyMod

Question 1

What is under manual therapy?

Answer 1

Massage, joint mobilization, manipulation, pressure

Question 2

what is under therapeutic exercise?

Answer 2

flexibility, strengthening, neuromuscular, balance, coordination, proprioception, relaxation

Question 3

what is under patient education?

Answer 3

• Body mechanics
  
  • Pain relief
  • Home exercise programs
    Risk reduction

Question 4

4 applications of physical modalities

Answer 4

• Modulation of pain
  
  • Alteration of muscle activation
  • Decreasing inflammation and facilitating tissue healing
  • Increasing tissue extensibility

Question 5

Most common application of phy mod

Answer 5

pain modulation

Question 6

How to decrease pain (4)?

Answer 6

• Increasing blood flow
  
  • Gate control theory
  • Decreasing swelling
    Reducing compression

Question 7

Increasing blood flow reduces pain through

Answer 7

• Heat is applied and vasodilation occurs
  
  • The inflammatory substances are washed away
  • Deposition of new cells will occur
    ○ Facilitates repair of new part

Question 8

Decrease swelling reduces pain through

Answer 8

• When it is swollen, soft tissues are stretched and nerves are pinched
  
  • Nociceptors will not be activated when swelling is reduced
  • This is done through cryotherapy and compression units

Question 9

Reducing compression reduces pain through

Answer 9

• When nerve root is compressed it causes pain

- Traction is applied

Question 10

What is gate control theory?

Answer 10

stimulating of other senses to block pain receptors

Question 11

Inhibitory interneuron is found in

Answer 11

substantia gelatinosa in spinal cord

Question 12

2nd order neuron function

Answer 12

• Carries impulse from a delta fibers and c fibers

Question 13

A delta fibers

Answer 13

immediate pain

Question 14

c fibers

Answer 14

• Inflammation pain
  
  • Swelling pain
  • Poorly localized
  • Unmyelinated
    Poor nerve conduction

Question 15

a alpha

Answer 15

proprioception

Question 16

a beta

Answer 16

touch

Question 17

process of feeling pain

Answer 17

• Pain is sensed by a delta or c fibers
  
  • Goes to second order neuron
    Goes to brain and says it’s painful

Question 18

how is pain reduced through gate control theory?

Answer 18

• Physical modalities stimulate the pathway with a alpha and a beta fibers
  
  • Since these fibers are thick and myelinated, it the stimulus travels fast
  • This stimulates the inhibitory interneuron
  • This inhibits the 2nd order neuron and closes the gate to pain

Question 19

Two ways physical agents alter muscle activation

Answer 19

• facilitation

- Inhibition

Question 20

how physical agents facilitate muscle activation

Answer 20

• Encourage contraction through electrical stimulation
  
  • Depolarization of peripheral nerves to recruit more motor units
  • Those with weakness
  • NMES, FES, ES

Question 21

how physical agents facilitate muscle Inhibition

Answer 21

• Induce fatigue in the muscle through electrical stimulation
  
  • Can also use cryotherapy to decrease nerve conduction velocity
  • Pain reduction

Question 22

When we have pain there is increased tone of muscle. T or F.

Answer 22

• True
  
  • Bawasan blood supply
  • Causes pain

Question 23

how is pain reduced through muscle inhibition?

Answer 23

• Heat modalities for better blood flow

- Muscle guarding

Question 24

Inflammatory phase signs

Answer 24

• Swollen
  
  • Pain
  • Redness
  • Warm to touch
  • Loss of function

Question 25

Targets in inflammatory phase

Answer 25

- Decrease blood flow through cryotherapy - Reduction of pain through TENS or ultrasound - Minimize duration and effects

Question 26

Proliferative phase

Answer 26

- Increase blood flow thru heat | Promote repair of damaged tissues

Question 27

Maturation phase

Answer 27

- Remodel the tissue to return back to previous integrity - Restore function - Influence maturation and organization of collagen

Question 28

How to increase tissue extensibility

Answer 28

- Heat facilitates elongation and deformation of collagen - Most common is ultrasound - After area is heated, stretch the area

Question 29

Types of physical modalities

Answer 29

- Thermal - Electromagnetic - Mechanical

Question 30

Electromagnetic

Answer 30

- Apply electrical current or electromagnetic radiation | - Brings physiological eggects

Question 31

Cryotherapy

Answer 31

- Ice massage, cold pack - vapocoolant spray: applied in stretched position - Cold immersion: siban ?? Numb aching stage - cryocuff

Question 32

Heat or thermotherapy

Answer 32

- Cervical, standard, lumbar hot packs - hot moist packs - parrafin wax bath - ultrasound

Question 33

What to check for in heat therapy every 5 mins?

Answer 33

- Make sure patient is properly draped because you need to check for redness every 5 mins

Question 34

Electrotherapy

Answer 34

- TENS - interferential current - motorpoint stimulation

Question 35

motorpoint stimulation used for

Answer 35

- muscle atrophy | - electrical stimulation placed on motor points

Question 36

two types of diathermy

Answer 36

shortwave and microwave

Question 37

microwave is superficial. T or F.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Precautions for UVR, laser

Answer 38

- must wear goggles - drape lamp - laser is for small target areas

Question 39

What to check for when doing UVR?

Answer 39

- minimal length that will induce slight redness

Question 40

IRR stands for

Answer 40

infrared radiation

Question 41

under mechanical is

Answer 41

- traction | - compression

Question 42

compression is used for

Answer 42

- edema and lymph edema

Question 43

when using compression units, limbs must be placed at anatomical position. T or F.

Answer 43

- false, limbs must be elevated

Question 44

contraindications

Answer 44

fever, cancer, hemorrhagic conditions, active deep venous thrombosis

Question 45

precautions

Answer 45

impaired sensation, pregnancy, old age, unconscious, young age

Question 46

dont use electrotherapy on

Answer 46

pacemaker areas

Question 47

what to include in documentation?

Answer 47

- modality - body region - patient position - parameter - rationale