SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES

Question 1

What are the predisposing factors of SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES AND DERMATOPHYTOSIS?

Answer 1

o Humidity
o Immunosuppression
o Poor hygiene

Question 2

fungi that require keratin for growth

Answer 2

Dermatophytes

Question 3

Hair infection with nodular masses of fungal
elements surrounding the shaft

Answer 3

Piedra

Question 4

• Infections of the skin
• Macular patches that are non-scaly

Answer 4

Tinea

Question 5

What are the causative agents of superficial mycoses?

Answer 5

• Malassezia furfur
• Exophiala werneckii
• Trichosporon beigelli
• Piedraia hortae

Question 6

These are the causative agents in the skin.n

Answer 6

Malassezia furfur and Exophiala werneckii

Question 7

These are the causative agents in the hair,

Answer 7

Trichosporon beigelii and Piedraia hortae

Question 8

What is the appearance of Malassezia furfur microscopically?

Answer 8

Thick, round oval in clusters

Question 9

Lipophilic yeast
Found as normal flora on the skin

Answer 9

Malassezia furfur

Question 10

(char. By
superficial, brownish, scaly areas in light-
skinned ind. and lighter areas in dark-skinned

Answer 10

Pityriasis versicolor/tinea

Question 11

Give 2 diseases caused by Malassezia furfur

Answer 11

Pityriasis versicolor/ Tinea versicolor
Pityriasis folliculitis
• Seborrheic dermatitis; Dandruff
• Systemic infection

Question 12

What is the most common presentation of the major clinical manifestation of Malassezia furfur?

Answer 12

Fawn-colored macules

Question 13

What are the clinical manifestations of Malassezia furfur?

Answer 13

Hyper/hypopigmented
Lesions are well demarcated
Fawn-colored macules

Question 14

Malassezia furfur is positive to this light green fluorescence.

Answer 14

Wood’s lamp

Question 15

Follicular papules and pustules
Itchy and often appear after sun exposure

Answer 15

Pityriasis folliculitis

Question 16

small circumscribed elevation

Answer 16

Papule

Question 17

small inflammatory swelling containing
pus

Answer 17

Pustule

Question 18

Changes in quantity and composition of sebum
Increase in alkalinity of skin
• External local factors such as occlusion

Answer 18

Seborrheic dermatitis

Question 19

greasy condition of the scalp, face, sternal region
and elsewhere due to overactivity of sebaceous glands (may
result to alopecia, acne

Answer 19

Seborrhoea

Question 20

What are the clinical manifestations of seborrheic dermatitis?

Answer 20

•Erythema and scaling in areas with a rich supply of
sebaceous glands
• Lesions are covered with greasy scales
• Itching is common in the scalp

Question 21

Common among infants as catheter acquired

Answer 21

Systemic Infection

Question 22

What is the laboratory diagnosis of systemic infection of malassezzia furfur?

Answer 22

Skin scrapings
Blood
Indwelling catheter tips

Question 23

What is used for the direct microscopy of systemic infection of M. furfur?

Answer 23

10% KOH ((glycerol with Parker ink or Calcofluor white)

Question 24

What are the characteristics of the systemic infection of the M. Furfur?

Answer 24

o Clusters of thick-walled round budding
yeast-like cells
o Short angular hyphal forms
o Yeast cells (3-7um)

“Spaghetti and Meatballs”

Question 25

What is the measurement of yeast cells under the systemic infection of M.furfur?

Answer 25

3-7um

Question 26

What is the initial clue of systemic infection of M.furfur?

Answer 26

lack of growth in the absence of oil

Question 27

A specialized isolation medium containing glycerol-mono- oleate. It is a resembling bacteria-like colonies

Answer 27

Dixon's agar

Question 28

This is a culture medium used for the systemic infection of malessezia furfur.

Answer 28

Sabouraud’s dextrose agar or Sheep blood agar containing Acti-Dione with olive oil

Question 29

What is the microscopic appearance of malassezia furfur?

Answer 29

Broad-based buds The collarettes of the phialides appear as distinct dark rings separation the mother & daughter cells

Question 30

What is the other helpful features in detecting the systemic infection of M.furfur?

Answer 30

• White discoloration of skin or light brown discoloration • Spaghetti and meatballs • Oil and FA requirement

Question 31

Mould

Answer 31

Exophiala werneckii

Question 32

What is the disease associated with Exophiala werneckii?

Answer 32

Tinea nigra

Question 33

• Chronic superficial fungal infection of the palms • Brown to black macules (palmar, plantar, and other surfaces of the skin) • Well-defined dark patch with irregular margin, 1-5 cm in diameter on palm; “stained appearance” • Lesions: non-inflammatory and non-scaling • Both tropics and temperature zones • Usually less than 20 years old female (3:1) • Predisposing factor: excessive sweating

Answer 33

Tinea nigra

Question 34

Under Tinea Nigra, what is the measurement of the dark path with irregular margin on the palm?

Answer 34

1 - 5cm

Question 35

What is the predisposing factor of Tinea nigra?

Answer 35

Excessive sweating

Question 36

What is the laboratory diagnosis of exophiala werneckii?

Answer 36

Skin scrapings

Question 37

What is the primary isolation media of exophiala werneckii?

Answer 37

Sabouraud's dextrose agar

Question 38

Pigmented brown to black (dematiaceous) septate hyphal elements

Answer 38

Sabouraud's dextrose agar

Question 39

• Initially colonies are mucoid, yeast-like and shiny black (young yeast) • Abundant aerial mycelia and become velvety, dark olivaceous in color (mature mold) • Serology not required for diagnosis

Answer 39

Exophiala werneckii