INTRODUCTION TO VIROLOGY II

Question 1

This refers to a very small, acellular infectious agents.

Answer 1

Viruses

Question 2

These are complete virus particles outside of the cell.

Answer 2

Virions

Question 3

TRUE OR FALSE
Viruses can infect certain organisms only.

Answer 3

False.
“All”

Question 4

Viruses are referred to as ________ when outside a host cell.

Answer 4

Virions

Question 5

This is virus-like because it is without a capsid and envelope therefore it is without the protein coat.

Answer 5

Viroid

Question 6

What is the characteristics of Viroid?

Answer 6

No Capsid
No envelope
Circular DNA

Question 7

What do Viroid infects?

Answer 7

Only cells

Question 8

It is a single-stranded RNA called the viroid-like particles that requires help of other viruses so that it can establish an infection.

Answer 8

Virusoids

Question 9

It is a passenger in virus capsids

Answer 9

Virusoids

Question 10

What type of RNA do virusoids have? What it is called?

Answer 10

Single stranded RNA
Viroid-like particle

Question 11

It is believed to consists of a single type of protein molecule without Nucleic acid content.

Answer 11

Prions

Question 12

The single type of protein molecule of Prions is without?

Answer 12

Nucleic Acid content

Question 13

Viruses depends on ___________, __________ and _________________ of the host cell for protein and nucleic acid production.

Answer 13

Ribosomes
Enzymes
Metabolites

Question 14

This is the nucleic acid of the virus and this can be RNA or DNA.

Answer 14

Genome

Question 15

Single -stranded: _____________
Stranded: ______________

Answer 15

Positive
Negative

Question 16

This is a coat of protein arranged in one of several possible morphologies, that encloses and protects the genome.

Answer 16

Capsid

Question 17

How does Capsid participates in infection?

Answer 17

By sharing antigenicity

Question 18

Viruses can be classified as?

Answer 18

Icosahedral and Helical

Question 19

This is described as cubical with 20 flat sides.

Answer 19

Icosahedral

Question 20

This is described as a spiral form of the capsid.

Answer 20

Helical

Question 21

This is the sub-unit of capsid

Answer 21

Capsomere

Question 22

This is a lipid containing membrane that surrounds some viral particles.

Answer 22

Envelope

Question 23

What does the envelope of the virus requires?

Answer 23

Attachment and the budding process of the virus.

Question 24

What are the purpose of envelope?

Answer 24

Antigenicity
Infectivity
Resistance

Question 25

What do you call a virus that does not contain an envelope?

Answer 25

Naked virus

Question 26

What is present in the NUCLEOCAPSIS (NAKED VIRUS)?

Answer 26

DNA or RNA Structural proteins Enzymes and nucleic acid binding proteins

Question 27

What are present in the envelope virus?

Answer 27

Nucleocapsid Viral specific glycoproteins Host membrane

Question 28

It is a glycoprotein that functions as attachment or as an enzyme

Answer 28

Spikes

Question 29

For DNA, all are double-stranded except for?

Answer 29

Parvoviridae

Question 30

For RNA, all are single stranded except for?

Answer 30

Reoviridae

Question 31

Viruses are classified according to type of genetic material, what are these classification?

Answer 31

RNA DNA

Question 32

Viruses are classified according to type of CAPSID, what are these classification?

Answer 32

Helical Polyhedral

Question 33

This classification is mostly spherical in shape, RNa viruses only

Answer 33

Helical

Question 34

This classification, can be DNA or RNA viruses. One example of this is Icosahedral

Answer 34

Polyhedral

Question 35

Enumerate the 6 steps of viral multiplication

Answer 35

1. Attachment 2. Penetration 3. Uncoating 4. Biosynthesis 5. Assembly 6. Release

Question 36

Attachment is otherwise known as?

Answer 36

Adsorption

Question 37

During the attachment phase where does the virus attach itself in the human body?

Answer 37

In the specific receptors of the host cell.

Question 38

Adsorption is _________ and ________.

Answer 38

Generally temperature Energy dependent

Question 39

In the penetration process, what does the virus penetrates?

Answer 39

The host cell

Question 40

It is the engulfment of the host cell by the virus after penetrating it.

Answer 40

Endocytosis

Question 41

The penetration process is energy-dependent and it can occur through three different mechanisms, what are these?

Answer 41

Translocation of the plasma membrane Pinocytosis (cell-drinking) Fusion of the plasma membrane

Question 42

This phase is where the viral nucleic acid escapes from the capsid and is released inside the host cell for replication.

Answer 42

Uncoating

Question 43

Biosynthesis is otherwise known as?

Answer 43

Macromolecular synthesis

Question 44

This phase involves the production of nucleic acids and protein polymers. The host cell replicates the viral nucleic acids .

Answer 44

Biosynthesis

Question 45

What replicates the RNA that enters the nucleus?

Answer 45

RNA polymerase

Question 46

This is a phase which the proteins, genomes and enzymes come together to form complete virions.

Answer 46

Assembly

Question 47

This phase is where the virions are assembled and released from the host cell either by lysis, or budding.

Answer 47

Release

Question 48

This causes rapid cell death.

Answer 48

Lysis

Question 49

This is where the viral envelopes are acquired from the host cell membrane without resulting in immediate cell death.

Answer 49

Budding

Question 50

How does our body defend ourselves from the virus?Ana

Answer 50

Non-specific defenses Specific defenses

Question 51

What are the non specific defenses prior to infection?

Answer 51

Anatomical barriers Viral inhibitors Phagocytosis

Question 52

What are the non specific defenses after infection?

Answer 52

fever Inflammatory processes Release of interferons

Question 53

What produces interferons?

Answer 53

Infected cells

Question 54

What does the release of interferons activates?

Answer 54

RNA endonuclease causing mRNA degradation Phosphorylation of elF2

Question 55

This turns off cellular protein synthesis.

Answer 55

Phosphorylation of elF2

Question 56

This is a eukaryotic initiation factor required for most forms of eukaryotic translation initiation.

Answer 56

elF2

Question 57

What are the specific host defenses?

Answer 57

Antiviral antibody

Question 58

This is a natural response of the body to neutralize viruses and prevent adsorption to target cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, which recognize virally-infected cells and destroy them, reducing viral production.

Answer 58

Antiviral antibody