Supervision of Pol-Ch 8, Psych Aspects of Superv

Question 1

The wish for security, based on fear, apprehensivesness and avoidance

Answer 1

The commonly recognized basic human drives

Question 2

drives

Answer 2

• drive for response, derived from love, friendship and affection,
• wish for recognition, gained by status, presige, social approval
• drive for new experiences, including curiosity, adventure, craving for excitement

Question 3

Satisfaction derived from _____ others well is important in law enforcement

Answer 3

serving

Question 4

Fundamental Satisfactions that the individual strives to fulfill

Answer 4

1. affection, acceptance and security
2. sense of personal adequacy
3. recognition as a personality
4. opportunity for accomplishment
5. opportunity for independence
6. opportunity to obtain new experiences
7. opportunity to possess something or someone

Question 5

Coleman lists of basic psychological needs that have a vital bearing on the behavior of individuals.

Answer 5

feeling for security
sense of adequacy
sense of self-esteem
sense of social approval

Question 6

Alfred Adler used this phrase to describe the psychological feeling of inadequacy and applied this concept as a partial explanation of some of the problems of the emotional human animal.

Answer 6

inferiority complex.

Question 7

Persons have a drive for superiority and that the frustration coming from a feeling of inferiority thwarts this basic drive.

Answer 7

inferiority complex

Question 8

father of psychoanalysis

Answer 8

Sigmund Freud

Question 9

Freud found that if he allowed his patients to talk about their psychological ailments, by bringing them to consciousness and giving them expression, their fears, problems and complexes were often alleviated

Answer 9

catharsis

Question 10

Rogers, describing catharsis as the process of

Answer 10

talking or acting things out

Question 11

lack of ____ or _____ is often the direct cause of debilitating anxieties, fears and feelings of insecurity among employees.

Answer 11

knowledge or understanding

Question 12

_____, ____ and an ____ of helpfulness are essential if the best results are to be achieved.

Answer 12

patience, sincerity and attitude

Question 13

Symonds describes this behavior as a “step taken by individual in order to avoid meeting and solving some difficulty or present problem.

Answer 13

regressive behavior

Question 14

An escape from reality, a “defense against anxiety by stopping the process of development.

Answer 14

condition of fixation.- involves a concentration on some particular infantile situation that tends to block maturation. Childlike or immature reasoning, in connection with some problem situation, usually will not solve the dilemma but will likely lead to increased anxiety.

Question 15

When individuals are prevented from fulfilling certain conscious desires or impulses, when their basic drives or needs or satisfactions are not realized, they are thwarted in reaching their goals, frustrations develop.

Answer 15

goal frustrations

Question 16

behavior reactions commonly found in frustrated persons

Answer 16

aggression, regression or fixation

Question 17

Degree of success achieved will be directly related to supervisors ____ and ____ the effort he expends in helping his subordinates solve their problem

Answer 17

patience and understanding

Question 18

Nature of Frustration:
when important goals are obstructed, usual reaction is to go around it, remove it, attack it head on or accept defeat. Sometime they become aggressive and attack it improperly. Person who finds it difficult to adjust to gets frustrated and

Answer 18

irritation, emotional conflicts of all sorts, reduced flexibility in handling other problems. Sometimes, supervisor becomes the barrier when supervisor ignores or is unaware of employees drive to attain a certain goal

Question 19

drive toward achievement of a goal may be blocked by what type barriers?

Answer 19

1. external- physical thing in environment, ex: malfunctioning flashlight, sticking door, bad brakes,
2. internal barriers-new and better assignement, fears of responsiblity of new position, failure of person to make adjustment to the environment in which he finds himself.

Question 20

other External barriers

Answer 20

1. human barriers- nagging spouse, incompatible partner or supervisor.
2. situational barriers- unpopular rules or policies, inadequate salaries, or onerous situations

Question 21

Frustration and Performance:

Individual experiencing frustrations to which he is unable to adapt will usually become

Answer 21

emotional, irritable and inflexible, which will affect his performance.

Question 22

The threshold level at which frustrations have different effects on behavior is called

Answer 22

frustration tolerance

Question 23

This might be the result of the blocking of a great desire to attain a goal or inability of the individual to accept a substitute goal.

Answer 23

Intense frustration

Question 24

Since human beings cannot remain static for long, they tend to meet frustration with ____

Answer 24

aggression

Question 25

When aggressive behavior conflicts with social standards, what takes place.

Answer 25

suppression.. With supression comes more frustrations

Question 26

talking back, picking arguments, finding fault, name calling, excessively criticizing, belittling other and engaging in sarcastic or bossy behavior are examples of

Answer 26

direct verbal attacks.

Question 27

rumor-spreading activities, uncomplimentary stories and jokes, disparaging remarks about the object of attack are examples of

Answer 27

indirect verbal attacks

Question 28

Form of loafing, work slowdown, sabotage, destruction of property, waste, excessive rest periods, absenteeism, departure from job before end of day

Answer 28

noncooperation

Question 29

Aggression has two main functions

Answer 29

1. wresting of satisfaction from the outside world in the drive toward a goal that is blocked
2. desire to hurt or destroy the source of pain, those things or persons who are symbols of the barrier.

Question 30

This principle will apply to the amount of control he exercises over his behavior.

Answer 30

pleasure-pain …If the pain from punishment he is likely to sustain exceeds his pleasure from the aggressive acts, he will probably discontinue them

Question 31

When emotional conflicts with their resultant frustrations are frequent or continuous and attack reactions are not available to the individual, he may give up all attempts to satisfy a motive and adopt an attitude of resignation

Answer 31

attitude of resignation… His hope for solution will be absent, as will his esprit de corps.. Discouragement will often cause bitterness or apathy.

Question 32

When employee has attitude of resignation, he should be helped to establish new goals and interests. Sometimes giving him added responsibility and understanding that someone has confidence in him. If his self-esteem is not reestablished, he usually becomes the marginal employee.

Answer 32

There are frequently no readily available solutions for such a mental attitude if it involves true resignation. As last resort, separation of the individual from service may be in order to preserve the morale of organization

Question 33

Employees withdrawing physically or mentally from his dilemma, who lacks self-confidence in his ability to perform

Answer 33

Escape

Question 34

headaches, stomach upsets or nervous disorders are often caused by anxieties or frustrations are called

Answer 34

psychosomatic illnesses

Question 35

sometimes an individual will develop certain defenses in form of excuses to help save face or preserve his pride and to justify his failure to achieve his goals or fulfill his responsibilities

Answer 35

excuses and rationalizations

Question 36

when individual assigns such blame to some external object rather than to himself, he is said to have engaged in

Answer 36

projection

Question 37

______ is common reaction to failure

Answer 37

rationalization: perhaps one of the most common and one of the most insidious defense mechanisms because it usally cannot be dealt with subtly.

Question 38

This act may protect him from the effects of frustration to a degree, but it prevents him from facing situation and making real effort to solve problem confronting him.

Answer 38

Finding excuses

Question 39

frustrated individual will abandon problem solving for an immature or even infantile type

Answer 39

regressive action

Question 40

regression in a supervisor has particularly damaging effects. It may cause him to depart from his philosophy of _____ _____

Answer 40

firm supervision

Question 41

Immature reaction resulting from regression substitutes for _____ and _____ ability

Answer 41

growth and problemsolving

Question 42

Adlers psychology assumed that individuals tend to repeat infantile acts when they have found such behavior helpful in achieving their desires.

Answer 42

The screaming child seeking gratification of a desire…The weeping employee will weep when results are achieved thereby

Question 43

when an individual keeps repeating a response even if it is not effective, he is experiencing

Answer 43

fixation

Question 44

most obvious means of preventing frustrations arising out of the work environment is the ?

Answer 44

discovery and removal of underlying causes

Question 45

When goals are adopted which are impossible or unreal, frustration is likely, resulting in

Answer 45

uncontrolled anger
psychomotor tension
depression
remorse
embarrassment
withdrawal from reality
complete change of personality

Question 46

supervisor should help relieve his troubled subordinate of frustration by providing an opportunity for the achievement of a feeling of

Answer 46

success

Question 47

if frustrating conditions produces severe emotional or mental disorders that persist, what might be in order

Answer 47

professioanl attention

Question 48

a conscious or unconscious drive that prompts an individual to take action to achieve a goal

Answer 48

motive