Surgery

Question 1

Features of venous insufficiency?

Answer 1

Oedema
Brown pigmentation
Lipodermatosclerosis
Eczema

Question 2

Location and important feature of venous leg ulcers?

Answer 2

Ankle
Painless

Question 3

What is Deep venous Insufficiency related?

Answer 3

Previous DVT

Question 4

Superficial venous insufficiency assoc with what?

Answer 4

Varicose veins

Question 5

Doppler US looks at what?

Answer 5

Reflux

Question 6

Duplex US looks at?

Answer 6

Anatomy and flow of vein

Question 7

Managemnet of venous leg ulcer?

Answer 7

4 layer compression banding

Question 8

If a venous ulcer fails to heal after 12 weeks or >10 cm 2 what might be required?

Answer 8

Skin grafting

Question 9

Venous ulcers are mostly due to?

Answer 9

Venous HT
Secondary to chronic venous insufficiency

Question 10

Pathology of venous ulcer?

Answer 10

Capillary fibrin cuff
Leucocyte sequestration

Question 11

What is Marjolin’s ulcers?

Answer 11

SCC

Question 12

Where do Marjolin’s ulcers occur?

Answer 12

Sites of chronic inflammation
Mainly lower limb

Question 13

Arterial ulcers occur where?

Answer 13

Toes and heel

Question 14

Appearance of arterial ulcers?

Answer 14

Deep, punched out appearance

Question 15

Which type of ulcer is painful?

Answer 15

Arterial

Question 16

Arterial ulcer description?

Answer 16

Toe/heel
Cold, no pulse
Painful
Deep punched out appearance

Question 17

ABPI measurements of arterial ulcer?

Answer 17

LOW

Question 18

Neuropathic ulcers location?

Answer 18

Plantar surface of metatarsal head and plantar surface of hallux

Question 19

What are neuropathic ulcers due to and what can they commonly result in?

Answer 19

Pressure
Amputation

Question 20

Screening for AAA?

Answer 20

Single US males aged 65<

Question 21

Takaysu’s arteritis?
Who?, features?

Answer 21

Young asian females
Pulseless peripheries

Question 22

What is subclavian steel syndrome?

Answer 22

Stenosis or occlusion of subclavian artery

This results in increased metabolic need of arm, then resulting in retrograde flow and symptoms of CNS vascular insufficiency

Question 23

Aortic dissection presentation?

Answer 23

Chest pain (ascendingA: anterior, descendingA: back)
Widening aorta on x-ray

Question 24

Diagnosing aortic dissection?

Answer 24

CT

Question 25

Cervical rib explanatoin?

Answer 25

Supernumery fibrous band arising from 7th cervical vertebra

Question 26

Treatment of Takayasu's arteritis/large vessel granuomatous vasculitis?

Answer 26

Systemic roids

Question 27

What type of patient is coarctation of aorta common in?

Answer 27

BOYS/GIRLS with Turner's

Question 28

Man with AAA>5.5cm?

Answer 28

Surgical repair

Question 29

Acute limb threatening ischaemia presentation?

Answer 29

6 P'S -Pale -Pulseless -Pain -Paralysis -Paraesthesia -Perishingly cold

Question 30

Peripheral arterial disease with critical limb ischaemia (long segment lesions, multifocal lesions) management?

Answer 30

Open surgical techniques (open bypass graft)

Question 31

Investigation for possible varicose veins/chronic venous insufficiency?

Answer 31

Venous duplex US

Question 32

InvX in patients with sus acute limb ischaemia?

Answer 32

Doppler examination of pulses

Question 33

All patients with PAD should take what?

Answer 33

Clopidogrel Atorvastatin

Question 34

Common RF for embolic acute limb ischaemia?

Answer 34

AFib

Question 35

Short segment stenosis is what?

Answer 35

<10cm stenosis

Question 36

If someone has a cold, painful left hand and forearm?

Answer 36

Axillary artery embolus

Question 37

Odd discomfort/sensation when manual tasks are performed with hand working overhead>

Answer 37

Cervical rib

Question 38

Management for an aneurysm which is enlarging?

Answer 38

Urgent endovascular aneurysm repair

Question 39

Initial management of acute limb ishcaemia includes what?

Answer 39

Analgesia IV heparin Vascular review

Question 40

Claudication affecting femoral vessels is likely to present how?

Answer 40

Calf pain

Question 41

Iliac claudication presents how?

Answer 41

Buttock pain