Surgery Drugs (9)

Question 1

Methadone
1. Uses (2)
2. Dose range
3. Side effects (5)

Answer 1

1. Moderate to severe pain, sedation
   - Pre-med for anesthesia (analgesic effects).
2. 0.1-0.5mg/kg
3. Sedation, respiratory depression, bradycardia, urinary retention, pupil retention.
   - Less common: vomiting

Question 2

Methadone
1. Contraindications (3)
2. Drug class
3. Reversal (if applicable)

Answer 2

1. Head trauma, resp depression
   - Pregnancy
2. Opioid analgesic
   - Also, NMDA receptor antagonist activity
3. Naloxone
   - Butorphanol is a partial reversal

Question 3

Hydromorphone
1. Uses (2)
2. Dose range
3. Side effects (6)

Answer 3

1. Sedation, moderate-severe pain.
2. 0.05-0.1mg/kg
3. Sedation, Resp depression, Bradycardia, Vomiting, Hyperthermia, panting.

Question 4

Hydromorphone
1. Contraindications (4)
2. Drug class
3. Reversal (if applicable)

Answer 4

1. Pt in resp depression, Hyperthyroidism, Head trauma/increased intracranial pressure, Hypersense to opioids
   - Geriatric / debilitated
2. Opioid (analgesic)
3. Naloxone

Question 5

Dexdomitor
1. Uses (1)
2. Dose range
3. Side effects (5)

Answer 5

1. Sedation & analgesia
2. 3-5mcg/kg
   - Up to 30-40mcg/kg
3. Bradycardia, Vasoconstriction, Resp depression, Hypothermia, Vomiting

Question 6

Dexdomitor
1. Contraindications (4)
2. Drug class
3. Reversal (if applicable)

Answer 6

1. Cardiac disease, Shock, Hypotension, Resp disorders, ASA III-V
2. Alpha-2 agonist
3. Atipamezole (antisedan)

Question 7

Midazolam
1. Uses (3)
2. Dose range
3. Side effects (4)

Answer 7

1. Sedation (anxiolysis), Muscle relaxation, Anticonvulsant.
2. 0.5mg/kg
3. Agitation (esp in young Pt when not in combo), Resp depression, Ataxia, Hypotension.
   - Appetite stimulation

Question 8

Midazolam
1. Contraindications (2)
2. Drug class
3. Reversal (if applicable)

Answer 8

1. Severe hepatic impairment, Hypersens to benzo’s
   - Neonates & Geriatrics
2. Benzodiazepine
3. Flumazenil

Question 9

Alfaxan
1. Uses (2)
2. Dose range
3. Side effects (6)

Answer 9

1. Induction, off-label Sedation
2. 2-3mg/kg
3. Apnea, Hypotension, Tremors, Muscle twitching, Resp depression, Cardiovas depression

Question 10

Alfaxan
1. Contraindications (3)
2. Drug class

Answer 10

1. Hypotensive or Hypovolemic
   - Hypersens
   - Repeated doses in felines.
2. Neuroactive steroid
   - GABA-A receptor agonist

Question 11

Propofol
1. Uses (3)
2. Dose range
3. Side effects (5)

Answer 11

1. Induction, CRI, Short-term anes.
2. 3-6mg/kg
3. Apnea, Hypotension, Bradycardia
   - Excitement during recovery
   - Oxidative injury to RBCs in feline when used over several days

Question 12

Propofol
1. Contraindications (5)
2. Drug class

Answer 12

1. Hypovolemia, Shock, Cardiac disease, Soy/Egg allergy, Heinz body anemia, Lipid metabolism disorders.
2. Non-barbiturate intravenous anesthetic
   - General anesethesia
   - GABA-A receptor agonist

Question 13

Naloxone
1. Uses (2)
2. Dose range
3. Side effects (5)

Answer 13

1. Reversal of opioid effects or overdose
2. 0.01-0.04mg/kg
3. Excitement, Loss of analgesia, Hypertension, Seizures, Nausea/Vomiting.

Question 14

Naloxone
1. Contraindications (2)
2. Drug class

Answer 14

1. Pain management, Cardiovascularly unstable Pt
2. Opioid antagonist

Question 15

Isoflurane
1. Uses (2)
2. Dose range(s)
3. Side effects (6)

Answer 15

1. Maintenance of anes, Induction.
2. Dose:
   - MAC: 1.3-1.6%
   - Vaporizer: Induction 3-5%, Maintenance 1.5-2.5%
3. Resp depression, Hypotension, Hypothermia, Muscle relax, Decreased tidal vol & RR

Question 16

Isoflurane
1. Contraindications (5)
2. Drug class

Answer 16

1. Malignant hyperthermia, Severe hypotension/hypovolemia, Intracranial disease, Resp compromise Pt, Arrhythmias.
2. Halogenated
   - General anesthesia

Question 17

Cefazolin
1. Uses (2)
2. Dose range
3. Side effects (2)

Answer 17

1. Perioperative prophylaxis, Bacterial infections.
2. 20-22mg/kg q 8hrs
3. Vomiting/Diarrhea (IV too fast), Pain at inj (IM)

Question 18

Cefazolin
1. Contraindications (2)
2. Drug class

Answer 18

1. Allergy to penicillin’s or cephalosporines
2. Cephalosporin antibiotic
   - Beta-lactam class