surgery of the bladder and urethra II Flashcards
(17 cards)
what are indications of urethrotomy?
male dogs to remove urethral calculi that can’t be retrohydropropulsed, facilitate placement of catheters, biopsy for obstructive lesions
to prevent possible postoperative urethral stricture, what is preferred
cystotomy is preferred over urethrotomy if calculi can be advanced back into bladder by retrohydropulsion
what are indications for prescrotal urethrotomy
remove calculi from distal penile urethra in dogs, place foley catheters into bladder if catheter is of sufficient length and obstruction is distal to incision
how is prescrotal urethrotomy closed?
heal by second intention, primary closure preferred if mucosa is healthy
describe the incision for prescrotal urethrotomy
dog in dorsal recumbency, sterile catheter into penile urethra to the scrotum, ventral midline incision through skin and SQ between caudal aspect of os penis and scrotum
indications for perineal urethrotomy
remove calculi lodged at ischial arch, place catheters into bladder of large male dogs
indications of urethrostomy
recurrent obstructive calculi that can’t be medically managed, calculi that can’t be removed by retrohydropropulsion, urethral stricture, urethral neoplasia, preputial neoplasia requiring amputation
when is scrotal urethrostomy preferred
if castration is an option and lesion is distal to scrotum
which urethrostomy is routinely performed in cats
perineal urethrostomy
what does canine perineal urethrostomy often cause
unacceptable urine scalding
when is canine perineal urethrostomy used?
dogs with urinary problems that will not be solved by scrotal or prescrotal urethrostomy
what is the diff between canine prescrotal urethrostomy and urethrotomy?
prescrotal urethrostomy: urethral mucosa is sutured to skin
why is canine scrotal urethrosotmy preferred over perineal or prepubic urethrostomy?
urethra is wider and more superficial and surrounded by less cavernous tissue
what are indications for feline perineal urethrostomy
prevent recurrence of obstruction in male cats with feline idiopathic cystitis, tx obstruction that can’t be eliminated by catheterization, tx strictures secondary to urethral obstruction
what is done to ensure that urethral width is adequate after feline perineal urethrostomy?
pass closed halsted mosquito hemostat up urethra
how far should a closed halsted mosquito hemostat be passed up a feline urethra
passed to the level of the boxlocks without resistance
failure to perform passing a closed halsted mosquito hemostat up the urethra may result in what
urethral opening of insufficient diameter and predispose pt to urinary tract blockage
