Surgical Site Infections

Question 1

Presence of bacteria in a wound with no signs or symptoms of

systemic inflammation.

Answer 1

colonization

Question 2

›Transient exposure of a wound to bacteria. Varying concentrations of bacteria posible

Answer 2

contamination

Question 3

Systemic and local signs of inflammation

Answer 3

›Bacterial counts ≥ 105 cfu/mL

Purulent versus non-purulent

Question 4

Superficial infection occurs within 30 days after the operation + involves ONLY skin or subcutaneous tissue + one of the following:

Answer 4

Purulent drainage
Organisms
Pain

Question 5

Duration of an infection early

Answer 5

within 30 days

Question 6

Duration of an infection intermediate

Answer 6

1-3 months

Question 7

Duration of an infection late

Answer 7

> 3 months

Question 8

Antimicrobial prophylaxis 1º class

Answer 8

1° cephalosporin/Clindamycin, vancomycin

Question 9

Antimicrobial prophylaxis 2º class

Answer 9

1° cephalosporin/Clindamycin, vancomycin or metronidazole

Question 10

Antimicrobial prophylaxis 3º class

Answer 10

Cetriaxone+metronidazol+amikacine

Question 11

Infection occurs within 30 days after the operation + involves ONLY skin or subcutaneous tissue

Answer 11

Superficial incisional SSI

Question 12

Involves deep soft tissued (fascial and muscle layers). Purulent drainage from a deep incisión (but not from the organ/space).
›Wound spontaneously dehiscented or deliberately opened following either fever > 38°C, localized pain.

Answer 12

Deep incisional

Question 13

Infection occurs within 30 days after the operation. It involves only skin or subcutaneous tissue

Answer 13

Organ space infection

Question 14

Organ space infection involves only skin or subcutaneous tissue, with at least one of the following:

Answer 14

› Purulent drainage
› Organisms isolated from an antiseptically
› An abscess or other evidence of infection involving the organ/space found on direct examination
› Diagnosis of an organ/space SSI by a surgeon or attending physician.

Question 15

Etiology of SSI could be

Answer 15

primary

secundary

Question 16

Etiology where the wound is the primary site of infection

Answer 16

primary

Question 17

Etiology where infection arises following a complication that is not directly related to the wound

Answer 17

secundary

Question 18

Classification of severity of SSI

Answer 18

minor

major

Question 19

Classification of a SSI

Answer 19

clean
clean-contaminated
contaminated
dirty

Question 20

Infection with no hollow viscus entered. Primary wound closure. Elective procedure

Answer 20

Clean

Question 21

Infection with hollow viscus entered but controlled. Primary wound closure. Mechanical drain used. Bowel preparation preop.

Answer 21

Clean contaminated

Question 22

Infection uncontrolled spillage from viscus. Open, traumatic wound

Answer 22

Contaminated

Question 23

Untreated spillage from viscus. Pus in operative wund.

Open suppurative wound

Answer 23

dirty

Question 24

Preoperative risk factors

Answer 24

› Antiseptic showering
› Hair removal
› Patient skin preparation › 
Antisepsis hand/forearm › 
Antimicrobial prophylaxis

Question 25

Management of an infection if the fascia is intact

Answer 25

Debridement

Irrigate with saline solution

Question 26

Management of an infection if the fascia is separated

Answer 26

Drainage or reoperation

Question 27

Types of peritonitis

Answer 27

Primary
Secundary
Persistent