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Psyc2012 > Survey & Questionnaire > Flashcards

Survey & Questionnaire Flashcards

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0
Q

Survey measures a particular…

A

Construct

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1
Q

Research methods are ways data is collected to

A

Answer q’s

Test hypotheses

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2
Q

Choice of research methodology is shaped by

A

Epistemological framework (how we can know something)

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3
Q

The choice of data collection is independent of

A

Epistemological framework

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4
Q

Observational research

A

Watching people do stuff

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5
Q

Types of observational research

A 
Fully structured
Naturalistic
Participant
Event sampling
Time sampling
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6
Q

ainsworth strange situation is an example of

A

Fully structured observational research

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7
Q

What does strange situation measure

A

Attachment

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8
Q

Participant observation

A

You might be one of the participant in the situation. Different levels of immersion

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9
Q

Event sampling observation

A

Interested in observing ‘events’ we set up

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10
Q

Time sampling observation

A

Repeated observations over longer period

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11
Q

Fully structured observation pros

A

Systematic data collection
Confounding variables controlled
Constant setting
Replication

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12
Q

Fully structured observations cons

A

Lacks ecological validity (too artificial)
Behaviour spontaneous
Ethical issues

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13
Q

Naturalistic observation pros

A

Good ecological validity
Rich data
Behaviour less subject to demand characteristics (Doing things you think the research wants to see) of setting

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14
Q

Naturalistic observation cons

A

Difficult for observer to be unobtrusive
No control over confounding variables
Difficult to replicate
Ethical issues

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15
Q

Archival research methods

A

Use of already existing documents and records

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16
Q

Types of archival research methods

A 
Census data
Police fines
Clinical records
Organisational record
Newspaper magazines
Letters papers
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17
Q

Archival research pros

A

Data already collected
Cost effective
No ethical review required
Allows investigation of q’s that can be investigated in no other way

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18
Q

Archival research cons

A

Data may not be in format to answer research q
May not include info about variable of interest
May contain different measures used at different times

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19
Q

Case studies are

A

Detailed description of single unit of analysis (person or organisation)
Used to formulate broader research hypothesis/questions

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20
Q

Case study pros

A 
Rich data
Context for behaviour identified
Promotes methodological trigangulation (integration of info from diverse sources)
Can include temporal element (over time)
Facilitate theory generation
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21
Q

Case study cons

A

Does not allow generalisation
Time consuming
Open to researcher “bias”
Ethical issues

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22
Q

Interviews are

A

A conversation aimed towards understanding the experience of another

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23
Q

Interviews can be:

A

Structured
Semi-structured
Unstructured

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24
Interviews are used in ........... Research
Qualitative
25
The more structure you have in the instrument the more ........... It is
Reliable
26
Interview structured pros
Easy to administer Easily replicated Lower influence of interpersonal factors Simple data analysis
27
Interview structured cons
Participant constrained Reduced richness of data Info distorted through poor q wording
28
Interview unstructured pros
Flexible Rich data Valid data Relaxes participant
29
Interview unstructured cons
Unsystematic Difficult to analyse data Strongly influenced by interpersonal variables
30
Focus groups are
Discussion-based interview that generates data from group interactions. You are the moderator.
31
Focus groups aim to
Capture understandings, perspectives, stories, discourses and experiences not otherwise meaningfully expressed by numbers
32
Focus group pros
``` Dynamic Involves participants in research Easy to assemble Economical Rich data Good for ppl with lower literacy levels ```
33
Focus groups cons
Required moderator good facilitation skills Data difficult to analyse Group processes affect data obtained Artificial setting
34
Experiments allow the researcher to:
Control or manipulate the environment to see effects on human behaviour
35
Experiments include:
Variables of interest Control conditions Random assignment
36
Experiments aim to
Establish that a change in one variable CAUSES a change in another
37
IV is the variable that the
Experimenter manipulates
38
DV is the variable the experimenter predicts will be affected by the
IV
39
Experiment pros
Controls for external influences and affect of confounding variables Demonstrates causal relationships btwn varables Accurate measurement of variables Easy replication
40
Experiment cons
Artificial, low ecological validity Results may not generalise outside of lab Variables may be narrowly defined and lack construct validity
41
Quasi-experiments explore
Relationships btwn variables
42
In Quasi-experiments random assirng to conditions is
Not possible
43
Quasi-experiments must have...
Pre-existing groups ie male and female groups
44
Quasi-experiment pros
Good face validity Good ecological validity Economical
45
Quasi-experiments cons
No casual relationships established btwn variables | Experimental error more likely
46
Face validity is
Appear to measure what we're trying to measure
47
Pre or no experimental methods are:
Non causal (correlation)
48
Causal relationship is:
Hot day = better ice cream sales Hot = more robberies BUT hot day, ice cream sales and robberies not causality related...
49
Questionnaires
Method of data collection
50
Questionnaires allow
Collection of data from large numbers of ppl
51
Questionnaires measure something that is
Not directly observable ie a theoretical construct
52
Questionnaires provide info on
Incidence of some behaviour of interest Opinions Beliefs Attitudes of large no of ppl
53
Survey is
Study design where questionnaire is primary focus
54
Items are
The questions/statements in questionnaire
55
Scale is
Set of items that measures something psychological or not directly measurable (construct)
56
Inventory is
Publication of several scales
57
1st general principle for making good questionnaires
Checking questionnaire does not already exist
58
2nd questionnaire rule
Lenght
59
3rd questionnaire rule
Readability
60
4th questionnaire rule
``` Writing questions Open/closed Language Response sets Measurement techniques (ie likert scales, semantic differential) ```
61
5th questionnaire rule
Assessing psychometrics | Ie reliability, validity
62
The longer the questionnaire... The less
Reliable (too broad) not focused.
63
Jangles are
Different labels for what is the same as something else
64
Jingles
Giving constructs the same name
65
Readability got questionnaires grade level is
Btwn 7-8 grades
66
4 things to consider when writing questions...
Open/closed questions Language Response sets Measurement techniques (likert scales, semantic differential)
67
Open questions are qualitative and responses need to be
Analysed in depth
68
Closed responses are
Quantative and can be easily analysed
69
5 language rules for questionnaires
``` Ask 1 q at a time Avoid ambiguity Avoid double negatives Keep neutral Avoid technical terms and jargon ```
70
Response sets are
How you went about answering the items. Trying to make yourself look as good as possible. Can pollute results.
71
Best way to get around social desirability bias in questionnaires is to
Incorporate social desirability scale into questionnaire
72
What is response acquiescence
Tendency to agree rather than disagree with statements
73
Combat response acquiescence
Change wording so not are all positive and negative | Make q's unpredictable forcing thought
74
Likert scale is
5. Or 7 point scale. Participants indicate how much they agree or disagree with a statement
75
Likert scales rules
Agreement Symmetrical Labels are roughly equivalent moving upwards
76
Semantic differential scale
Takes a more indirect approach to measuring attitude toward behaviour or event. Participants indicate thoughts/feelings
77
Psychometrics is
Area of psychology concerned with the quality of scales and items designed to measure psychological constructs
78
2 psychometric criteria
Reliability! | Validity!

Psyc2012 (11 decks)

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