Survey & Questionnaire Analysis

Question 0

Descriptive correlation

Answer 0

Describes characteristics of a sample:
Central tendency (mean, median, mode)
Dispersion (kurtosis, variance, standard deviation)
Symmetry (skew)

Question 1

What are the two methods of correlation?

Answer 1

Descriptive

Inferential

Question 2

Inferential correlation

Answer 2

Used to make inferences from a sample to a pop

Question 3

Normal distribution is

Answer 3

The mean = median = mode (bell curve)

Question 4

Variance is calculated by

Answer 4

Take each score and subtract the mean

Question 5

Total deviation is calculated by

Answer 5

Adding all the variances. Squaring this becomes the sum of squared errors

Question 6

Average of the error (variance)

Answer 6

Sum of square error divided by the n -1

Question 7

Alternative hypothesis means

Answer 7

An effect does exist

Question 8

When talking about hypothesis we don’t say it is proven or correct we say it is

Answer 8

Supported or unsupported

Question 9

If we see a certain result/quality in our research we either ……… Or ……… The hypothesis

Answer 9

Reject or retain

Question 10

Standard error tells you if

Answer 10

2 means actually come from the sand population

Question 11

Alpha is used to decide if

Answer 11

A result is significant or not

Question 12

Alpha represents an

Answer 12

Error rate. How much you’re willing to be wrong

Question 13

Alpha rate is

Answer 13

.05

Question 14

More conservative alpha rate is

Answer 14

.01

Question 15

1st question Inferential stats addresses

Answer 15

Relationship between variables (correlation, regression)

Question 16

2nd q inferential stats addresses

Answer 16

Difference between groups on variable of interest (T-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA)

Question 17

3rd question inferential stats addresses

Answer 17

Predicting group membership (discriminant function analysis)

Question 18

4th question inferential stats addresses

Answer 18

Underlying structure (factor analysis)

Question 19

3 types of correlation relationship

Answer 19

Linear (positive or neg)
Curvilinear (relationship does not fall on a straight line)
No relationship

Question 20

Spurious correlations

Answer 20

Bed sheet tangled death and ski field accidents

Question 21

Use scatter plots to look at

Answer 21

Correlation/relationships

Question 22

Positive relationship in correlation means that as

Answer 22

As one variable goes up so does the other (ie grades and editing time) same direction

Question 23

Negative relationship

Answer 23

As one variable goes up the other goes down

Question 24

When looking at scatter plots/grams you need to see if it:

Answer 24

``` Straight line Monotonic (has one line) Relationship type Cluster Gaps Outliers ```

Question 25

Covariance is

Answer 25

Are two variable associated. Eg if changes with one variable result in changes in the other.

Question 26

How do we calculate covariance?

Answer 26

Calculate total amount of deviation

Question 27

Cross product deviations

Answer 27

Used to examine covariance. Take deviations of both variables and multiply them. If both variances positive then it's positive. If one of each then it's negative.

Question 28

Covariance is NOT a

Answer 28

Standardised measure

Question 29

To convert covariance into a standardised measure we convert it into....

Answer 29

Pearson's r

Question 30

Pearson's converts our scores into

Answer 30

Z scores

Question 31

r ranges from

Answer 31

-.1 - -.5

Question 32

-.1 is a

Answer 32

Small effect

Question 33

-.3 is a

Answer 33

Medium effect

Question 34

-.5 is a

Answer 34

Large effect

Question 35

r is so useful as it shows us

Answer 35

The shared variance that 2 variables have. How much overlap. This is done by squaring the r

Question 36

Many different types of correlation tests. How to decide which one to use?

Answer 36

Depends on your measurement

Question 37

We use pearons r for measurements when they are

Answer 37

Interval or ratio

Question 38

Pearson's r will only catch a

Answer 38

Linear correlation

Question 39

Pearson's r is a ........... Statistic

Answer 39

Descriptive

Question 40

If sample size is large enough it becomes very easy to get

Answer 40

Significance

Question 41

Psychometrics uses two criteria to address quality

Answer 41

Reliability | Validity

Question 42

Reliability is

Answer 42

Concerned with internal properties of a scale. Reliability assessed using correlation. Weighing the gold...how reliable is the scale to CONSISTENTLY produce the same results? Consistency or stability of a measure of behaviour

Question 43

Validity is

Answer 43

Concerned with external properties of a scale. Does it correlate with other variables/scales? Does the scale measure the construct that you think it is measuring?

Question 44

It has to be reliable to be...

Answer 44

Valid

Question 45

Doesn't have to be valid to be

Answer 45

Reliable

Question 46

Any measure of behaviour has 2 components...

Answer 46

``` True score (real score on variable) Measurement error ```

Question 47

Confidence interval is

Answer 47

How sure we are that a true score falls between a certain range

Question 48

4 types of reliability

Answer 48

Internal consistency Test-retest Inter-rater Parallel forms

Question 49

5 methods used to test internal consistency

Answer 49

``` Split-half Inter-item Item-total Alpha reliability Item analysis ```

Question 50

Split-half reliability takes your items and

Answer 50

Randomly Splits items into 2 to if there is a good correlation btwn to halves. Good correlation = good reliability

Question 51

Alpha reliability splits items in half to see if they correlate then

Answer 51

Randomly splits them again. Then again. Does every possible split and averages an overall number

Question 52

Alpha is a

Answer 52

Coefficient

Question 53

Alpha ranges from

Answer 53

-1 to +1

Question 54

An alpha .7 and above indicates

Answer 54

Acceptable internal reliability for a set of items

Question 55

.6 alpha can be argued to be acceptable if

Answer 55

Your study is based on introspection/ qualitative measures

Question 56

If you have a - (negative) alpha

Answer 56

Something has gone wrong

Question 57

Inter-item reliability is

Answer 57

When you take all of the correlations for each of the pairing of items and get the average

Question 58

Item analysis is

Answer 58

Internally and reliably Differentiates between varying attitudes if ppl doing your questionnaire. Is there a difference btwn high raters and low raters

Question 59

Test re-test reliability

Answer 59

Give test and then later after some time give same test again.

Question 60

Test-retest measures

Answer 60

Consistency

Question 61

Test-retest shows a correlation when scores are less than

Answer 61

.7

Question 62

String correlations btwn scores in Test-retest indicates that the construct being measured is

Answer 62

Stable

Question 63

Inter-rater reliability is

Answer 63

Agreement btwn 2 raters on scores they have given on a measure of behaviour

Question 64

In inter-rater reliability the correlation of ......is considered acceptable

Answer 64

.8

Question 65

Parallel forms of reliability is

Answer 65

When there are two versions of the same test given on different occasions