Symbiotics and Postbioitics

Question 1

Goal of Synbiotic

Answer 1

Get even bigger benefit

Question 2

Uses of Synbiotics

Answer 2

Improve survival of microbes in food + Proliferation and stimulation of microbes in GI tract

Question 3

The effects of synbiotics os ____ remains unclear

Answer 3

Metabolic health

Question 4

Synbiotic Selection Criteria (3)

Answer 4

(1) Appropriate pro + pre that benefit host when used individually
(2) Selective stimulation of beneficial bacteria and limited or absent stimulation of others
(3) Health benefit

Question 5

Best approach to finding synbiotic mixture

Answer 5

Find which probiotic has most favorable effect on probiotic

Question 6

Mechanism of action of symbiotics

Answer 6

(1) Improve viability of probiotic
(2) Provision of specific health effects

Question 7

How synbiotic can improve viability of probiotics

Answer 7

Higher tolerance to environment such as O2, pH, and temperature in intestine

Question 8

Action through provision through specific health effects (5)

Answer 8

(1) Modulate metabolism and reduce concentration of undesirable metabolites
(2) Maintain intestine biostructure
(3) Develop beneficial bacteria
(4) Inhibit pathogens in GI tract
(5) increase SCFAs, ketones, carbon, methyl acetates

Question 9

Synbiotics can inactivate these metabolites

Answer 9

Nitrosamines and cancerogenic substances

Question 10

Benefits of synbioitcs in humans (5)

Answer 10

(1) Increase Lb and Bifido
(2) Maintain intestinal balance of microbiota
(3) Immunomodulation
(4) Improve hepatic function in patients with cirrhosis
(5) Prevent bacterial translocation and reduce nosocomial infections post-surgery

Question 11

Synbitoics have helped in

Answer 11

Obesity, T2D, IBS, AD

Question 12

Postbioitcs

Answer 12

Inanimate microbes and/or their components that have health benefit

Question 13

Definition of postibiotics reviewed by

Answer 13

International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP)

Question 14

Biotic + post

Answer 14

Relating to or resulting from live organisms + after

Question 15

Postbiotc literal meaning

Answer 15

After life/non-living organism

Question 16

Preparation of post

Answer 16

Formulation of microbial biomass

Question 17

Inanimate of post

Answer 17

Lifeless (not inactive)

Question 18

Inactive

Answer 18

Still alive but can’t grow and cause harm (heat treatment)

Question 19

Components of post

Answer 19

pili, CW, protein, NA (parts of microbe)

Question 20

Summary of postbioitc

Answer 20

Deliberately inactivated microbial cells with or without metabolites and cell components that give health benefits

Question 21

Post are not

Answer 21

Vaccines or purified microbial metabolites

Question 22

Post do not need to be derived from

Answer 22

Probiotic while living

Question 23

Post bacterial component examples (7)

Answer 23

Lipids, Carbs, proteins/peptides/AA, NA/organic acids, bacterial lysates, bacterial vesicles, vitamins/co-factors

Question 24

Target of Post

Answer 24

Humans, companion animals, livestock…

Question 25

Site of action of post

Answer 25

Oral cavity, gut, skin, nose, UG tract but not injection

Question 26

Qualification of postbiotc criteria (5)

Answer 26

(1) Molecular characterization of progenitor microbe (2) Description of inactivation and matrix (3) Inactivation confirmation (4) Describe composition of preparation (5) Evidence of health benefit from trails (?)

Question 27

Reason for molecular characterization of progenitor microbe

Answer 27

Screen for genes of safety concerns

Question 28

Characterization of progenitor microbe

Answer 28

Fully annotated genome sequence and in database

Question 29

Propagation of LAB to get bacteria and bacterial components treated with

Answer 29

Heat, sonication, pressure, enzymes

Question 30

Steps to obtaining postbioitcs

Answer 30

Resuscitation of LAB --> Propagation of LAB in large volumes --> Treatment --> Harvesting (cent) --> Concentrate

Question 31

Confirmation of inactivation

Answer 31

Plate and see if it still grows or flow cytometry

Question 32

Many ways to...

Answer 32

Inactive for post purposes

Question 33

How to describe composition of post

Answer 33

Mass spec, ELISA, rtPCR (need multiple methods)

Question 34

Mass spec

Answer 34

Quantify lipids and proteins

Question 35

ELISA for

Answer 35

Proteins using antibody

Question 36

RT-PCR for

Answer 36

Gene expression

Question 37

Ganden BC30 (GBC)

Answer 37

CW and metabolites from Bacillus coagulans strain

Question 38

GBC overall benefit

Answer 38

Anti-inflammatory and immune modulating in vitro

Question 39

GBC specifics

Answer 39

Reduce ROS (PMN) + 25% increase in phagocytosis (PMN) + Activate NK cells + Increase anti-inflammatory IL-4, -6, -10

Question 40

P. freudenrichii ITG P9

Answer 40

Use SCFAs as a postbiotic

Question 41

ITG P9 benefits

Answer 41

SCFAs such as acetate and propionate can induce apoptosis and caspases in human tumor cell lines

Question 42

Lantigen B

Answer 42

Mix of antigens from many different pathogens

Question 43

Lantigen B Benefits

Answer 43

Used in clinical trails in over weeks and showed reduced duration of inflammatory events (10 vs 6 days) and no adverse reaction