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Mycology PPT > SYSTEMIC AND OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSES > Flashcards

SYSTEMIC AND OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSES Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

SYSTEMIC MYCOSES

A

● Blastomyces dermatitidis
● Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
● Coccidioides immitis
● Histoplasma capsulatum

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2
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis causes

A

North American Blastomycosis
Gilchrists disease
Chicago disease

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3
Q

Human infection is initiated in the lungs

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

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4
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis can be acquired through

A

Inhalation of the conidia or hyphal fragments.

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5
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis specimen

A

Specimens consist of sputum, pus, exudates, urine, and biopsies from lesions.

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6
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis mold form

A

round or pyriform conidia
Resembling lollipops

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7
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis yeast phase

A

Thick- walled, large yeast cells with single bud on
broad-base; broad isthmus at constriction

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8
Q

Show broadly attached buds on thick-walled yeast cells

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis wet mount

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9
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis culture

A

Sabouraud’s agar or enriched blood agar

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10
Q

Treatment
○ Severe cases of blastomycosis are treated with

A

amphotericin B

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11
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
● Causes

A

South American Blastomycosis

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12
Q

Causes South American Blastomycosis

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

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13
Q

Inhaled, and initial lesions occur in the lung

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

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14
Q

Most patients are 30-60 years of age, and over 90% are men.

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

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15
Q

Specimen for Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

A

Specimens consist sputum, exudates, biopsies or other material from lesions

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16
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Mold phase

A

intercalary and terminal chlamydoconidia; few pyriform
microconidia

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17
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast phase

A

resembles a ship wheel or pilot wheel or mariner’s wheel

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18
Q

Most useful for diagnosis in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

A

Serologic testing

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19
Q

KOH or calcofluor white
■ Yeasts are often apparent

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

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20
Q

Causes Coccidioidomycosis

A

Coccidioides immitis

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21
Q

Coccidioides immitis
● Causes

A

Coccidioidomycosis

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22
Q

Coccidioides immitis acquire through

A

Inhalation of arthroconidia leads to a primary infection

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23
Q

Major biologic hazard among laboratory personnel

A

Coccidioides immitis

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24
Q

Specimen for Coccidiodes immitis

A

sputum
exudate from cutaneous lesions
spinal fluid
blood
urine
tissue biopsies.

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25
Coccidioides immitis mold phase
thick-walled, barrel-shaped, rectangular arthroconidia
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Coccidioides immitis yeast phase
thick-walled spherules with endospores
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Coccidioides immitis ● Microscopic Examination ○ KOH or calcofluor white stain:
spherules and endospores
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Coccidioides immitis culture media
Inhibitory mold agar Sabouraud's agar, or blood agar slants
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‼️REMINDER‼️ Coccidioides immitis Since arthroconidia are highly infectious, suspicious cultures are examined only in a biosafety cabinet.
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Identification must be confirmed by detection of C. immitis
specific antigen animal inoculation use of a specific DNA probe
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Causes Histoplasmosis
Histoplasma capsulatum
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most prevalent pulmonary infection in humans and animals
Histoplasmosis
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Histoplasmosis begins at
primary and begins in the lung and eventually invades the reticuloendothelial system.
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Histoplasmosis causative agent
Histoplasma capsulatum
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Histoplasma capsulatum can be acquired through
inhalation of the conidia
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Histoplasma capsulatum mold form
round to pyriform microconidia round,thick-walled knobby, tuberculated macroconidia forms
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Histoplasma capsulatum Yeast phase
round to oval yeast cells; intracellular to mononuclear cells
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Histoplasma capsulatum ● Microscopic Examination
Observe for small ovoid cells within macrophages
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Histoplasma capsulatum fungal stains
Gomori methenamine silver, periodic acid-Schiff or calcofluor white stain Giemsa-stained smears of bone marrow or blood
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Histoplasma capsulatum Cultured in
rich media: glucose-cysteine blood agar at 37°C and on Sabouraud’s agar or inhibitory mold agar at 25–30°C
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OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSES
● Aspergillus spp. ● Fusarium
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OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSES YEASTS
● Candida spp. ● Cryptococcus spp. ● Geotrichum spp.
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Most important group of opportunistic fungi pathogens
Candida spp.
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Normal flora of the skin, mucous membranes and gastrointestinal tract
Candida spp.
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Capable of causing Candidiasis
Candida spp.
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Candida spp. capable of causing
Candidiasis
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exist as oval, yeastlike forms that produce buds or blastoconidia
Candida spp.
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Produce pseudohyphae and true hyphae
Candida spp. except glabrata
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Specimens include swabs and scraping from superficial lesions, blood, spinal fluid, tissue biopsies, urine, exudates, and material from removed intravenous catheters
Candida spp
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Culture media for Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Sabouraud’s agar or yeast extract agar
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Coccidioides immitis other names
San Joaquin Valley Fever/ valley fever
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Histoplasma capsulatum also known as
Darling’s disease/Spelunker’s disease
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Candida spp. ● Microscopic Examination
Gram-stained smears or histopathological slides for tissue biopsies, centrifuged spinal fluid, and other specimens
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Candida spp. Gram-stained smears or histopathological slides for tissuebiopsies, centrifuged spinal fluid, and other specimens shows?
Pseudohyphae and budding cells
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Candida spp. Skin or nail scrapings are first placed in a drop of
10% KOH calcofluor white
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Special agar for Candida spp
CHROM AGAR
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Candida spp. ○ All specimens are cultured on fungal or bacteriologic media at
37°C
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Most isolated species from clinical material
Candida albicans
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Can be saprophytic in oral cavities, Gi or vaginal tract
Candida albicans
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Causes candidiasis
Candida albicans
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moniliasis infection
Candida albicans
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Candida albicans causes
candidiasis or moniliasis infection Oral moniliasis Vaginal moniliasis Onchomycosis( nail infection) Paronychomycosis (cuticle infections)
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Hyphae-like extensions of young yeast cells showing parallel sides, aseptate and will not constrict at their point of origin
Germ-tube in Candida albicans
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look like germ tubes but are aseptate and constricted at their point of origin.
Pseudohyphae in Candida albicans
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This usually causes meningitis in patients with AIDS
Cryptococcus neoformans
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Encapsulated yeast cell in bird and bat droppings
Cryptococcus neoformans
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pigeon droppings
Cryptococcus neoformans
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Causes Cryptococcosis or Torulosis/Torulopsis or European Blastomycosis
Cryptococcus neoformans
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Torulosis/Torulopsis
Cryptococcus neoformans
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European Blastomycosis
Cryptococcus neoformans
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Specimen for Cryptococcus neoformans
cerebrospinal fluid tissue, exudates sputum blood cutaneous scrapings urine.
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Cryptococcus neoforman Microscopic examination
wet mounts, both directly and after mixing with India ink. Grow at room temperature
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Cryptococcus neoformans alternative
Phenol oxidase
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C. neoformans produces melanin in the cell walls and colonies develop a
Brown colonies
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Often initially appears as a white to cream-colored, yeastlike colony; some isolates may appear as white, powdery molds.
Geotrichum candidum
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Hyphae are septate and produce numerous rectangular to cylindrical to barrel-shaped arthroconidia.
Geotrichum candidum
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OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSES
● Aspergillus spp. ● Fusarium spp.
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Causes Aspergillosis
Aspergillus spp.
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Can cause disease by ingestion of mycotoxins, traumatic inoculation, or inhalation.
Aspergillus spp.
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Also capable of causing disseminated infection in immunocompromised patients, pulmonary or sinus fungus ball, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, external otomycosis, mycotic keratitis, onychomycosis, sinusitis, endocarditis and central nervous system infection
Aspergillus spp.
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The species are identified according to morphologic differences in their structures.
Aspergillus spp.
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Specimen for Aspergillus
sputum other respiratory tract specimens lung biopsy tissue
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Rapidly growing mold that produces a fluffy to granular, white to blue-green colony
Aspergillus fumigatus
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● Characterized by the presence of septate hyphae and short or long conidiophores with a characteristic “foot cell” at their base.
Aspergillus fumigatus
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Cultures are thermotolerant and able to withstand temperatures up to 45°C
Aspergillus fumigatus
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Somewhat more rapidly growing species that produces yellow-green colony.
Aspergillus flavus
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Conidiophore is coarsely roughened near the vesicle.
Aspergillus flavus
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Produces darkly pigmented, roughened spores macroscopically, but microscopically its hyphae are hyaline and septate
Aspergillus niger
89
Growth begins initially as yellow colony
Aspergillus niger
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With age, the colony becomes jet black and powdery, but the reverse remains buff or cream colores.
Aspergillus niger
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Less commonly seen in the clinical laboratory
Aspergillus terreus
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Produces tan colonies that resembles cinnamon.
Aspergillus terreus
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Produces larger cells, aleurioconidia, which are found on submerged hyphae.
Aspergillus terreus
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Fusarium spp. ● Most commonly isolated organisms within this group are within the
Fusarium solani species complex
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Long been known to cause mycotic keratitis.
Fusarium spp.
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Oftentimes infections are associated with the consumption of grains contaminated with trichothecene mycotoxins
Fusarium spp.
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● Oftentimes infections are associated with the consumption of grains contaminated with trichothecene mycotoxins produced by
F. sporotrichiodes or F. poae
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Capable of causing sinusitis, wound (burn) infection, allergic fungal sinusitis, endopthalmitis, and disseminated fusariosis.
Fusarium spp.
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Colonies grow rapidly, within 2 to 5 days, and are fluffy to cottony and may be pink, purple, yellow, green or other colors, depending on the species.
Fusarium spp.
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Fusarium spp. Most common medium used to induce sporulation is
corneal agar.
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Fusarium spp. Keys to identification are based on growth on
Dextrose agar

Mycology PPT (17 decks)

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