Systemics Flashcards
(11 cards)
Causes of incontinence
Trauma
Diabetes
Celiac
Stress
Childbirth damage
Pregnancy or obesity
Hysterectomy or prostate
MS
Stroke
Parkinsons
UTI
CES - spinal cord injury
Caffeine intake
Risk factors for incontinence
Advancing age
Alzheimer’s disease or dementia
Arthritis or other musculoskeletal problems
Overweight/obese
Chronic cough
Chronic constipation
History of recurrent urinary tract infection
History of sexually transmitted disease
Enlarged abdomen (e.g., ascites, pregnancy, obesity, tumor
Diabetes mellitus
Neurologic disorder
Medication
Diuretics
Estrogens
Antibiotics
Alpha-adrenergic blockers (antihistamines, decongestants)
Calcium channel blockers
Antipsychotics
Antidepressants
Antiparkinsonian drugs
Laxatives
Opioids
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Caffeine, alcohol
Types of incontinence
Stress incontinence
Urge incontinence
Overflow incontinence
Functional incontinence
Stress incontinence
Laughing, coughing or sneezing
Lifting or physical exertion
Support of bladder or urethra is weakened but bladder is normal.
Urethral sphincter weakness
Pelvic floor weakness
Ligamentous and fascial laxity
Urge incontinence
Involuntary contraction of the detrusor muscle (bladder wall) and there may be involuntary sphincter relaxation
Mainly idiopathic
Potential causes:
Medications, alcohol, bladder infections bladder tumor.
Overflow incontinence
Bladder cannot empty completely.
Urine leaks out and Pt can’t feel it.
May be caused by an underactive detrusor muscle, drugs, DM, MS.
In men most common secondary to enlarged prostate
Functional incontinence:
Bladder is normal but mind and bladder are not working together. Caused by mobility issues, being confined to a wheelchair.
Bladder Ca.
55 and older
Men 2/3x
Smoking half of all causes
Blood in the urine
Pain during urination
Urinary urgency
Renal cancer:
Blood in the urine
Pain during urination
Urinary urgency
Flank or side pain
Lump or mass in the side of abdomen
Weight loss
Fever
General fatigue
Poor health
RF:
Over 40
Smoking x2
Men x2
Obesity
Hypertension
Long-term dialysis
Chronic kidney disease
Unilateral costovertebral tenderness
§ Flank pain
§ Ipsilateral shoulder pain
§ Fever and chills
§ Skin hypersensitivity
§ Hematuria (blood in urine)
§ Pyuria (pus in urine)
§ Bacteriuria (presence of bacteria in urine)
§ Hypertension
§ Decreased urinary output
§ Dependent edema
§ Weakness
§ Anorexia (loss of appetite)
§ Dyspnea
§ Mild headache
§ Proteinuria (protein in urine, urine may be foamy)
§ Abnormal blood serum level, such as elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine
§ Anaemia
Subjective bilateral symptoms:
Restless leg syndrome
Burning feet
Reduced Achillies reflex
Impaired vibration sense
Pleuritis
Bloating, constipation or diarrhoea
3-18% of chronic kidney disease have Osteoporosis
