Flashcards in Systems Quiz Deck (40)
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1
What are the four cycles?
Hydrologic, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur
2
Water cycle
Movement of water from ocean to atmosphere back to ocean
3
Transpiration
Release of water from leaves during photosynthesis
4
What's the rate of transportation affected by (3)
1. Increases in temperature
2. Increases in wind
3. Decreases in humidity
5
Evapotranspiration
Combined amount of evaporation and transpiration
6
What's the human impact of hydrologic cycle (3)
1. Withdrawal
2. Increased chance of flooding
3. Deforestation
7
What's the carbon cycle
Movement of carbon around biosphere
8
Where are the major reservations of carbon (3)
1. Oceans
2. Biosphere
3. Atmosphere
9
What type of carbon do ocean, biosphere, and atmosphere have?
1. Carbonate and bicarbonate
2. Organic bio molecules
3. Atmosphere
10
What are the human impacts on carbon cycle?
Major impact increasing CO2 concentration in atmosphere by burning fossil fuels and clear cutting
11
What's the equation for a combustion rxn, which is also known as -?
Carbon combustion
CH4+O2->CO2+H2O
12
Nitrogen cycle
Movement of nitrogen around atmosphere
13
What's elemental nitrogen?
Na
14
What's nitrogen fixation?
Conversion of nitrogen gas molecule in atmosphere into ammonia (NH3) and ammonium (NH4+)
15
What is nitrogen fixation accomplished by? (3)
Cyanbacteria in water
Bacteria in soil
And lightning
16
What ways can nitrogen fixation occur? (2)
1. Biotic process
2. Bacteria converting N2->ammonium
17
What are the abioticalls (2)
Combustion of NO2 to ammonium
Lightning
18
What's ammonification?
Decomposers convert organic remains into detritus and eventually into inorganic ammonia and ammonium ions
Organic N1->ammonium (NH4+)
19
What's nitrification?
Bacteria convert ammonia or ammonium ions in the soil into nitrate ions (NO3) for plants to uptake
20
Denitrification?
Bacteria in aquatic sediments covert ammonia and ammonium ions into nitrogen gas (N2) and nitrous oxide (N2O)
21
What are the human impacts on the N cycle? (3)
1. Excess nitrates
2. Burning of fossil fuels
3. Using inorganic fertilizers
22
What's the phosphorus cycle?
The movement of excess phosphorus around the biosphere
Does not include atmosphere, no gas form
Released from rocks
23
Human impacts of phosphorus cycle? (1), causes and effects?
Phosphate runoff
Causes/effects:
Mining phosphorus rocks
Phosphorus containing detergents
24
What's the sulfur cycle?
Movement of sulfur around the biosphere
25
What are the human impacts on sulfur cycle (1)
Release of sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas
26
What's infiltration? What cycle?
Movement of water into the soil, water cycle
27
What's percolation, what cycle?
Downward flow of water, water cycle
28
What two ways does water return to the oceans from the land?
Groundwater flow, surface runoff
29
Way that humans may intervene in water cycle? (2)
Withdrawal of water and disposing wastes
30
Main reservoir for water on earth?
Oceans
31
Main reservoir for fresh water? (7)
Lakes, rivers, ponds, glaciers, snow, ice, atmosphere
32
Describe important role of plants through ecosystem?
Plant removes water from soil and, through transpiration, returns it back to the atmosphere through transpiration
33
Study the nitrogen cycle picture
Yay!
34
What two processes release carbon into the atmosphere?
Respiration and combustion
35
Name the four reservoirs (sinks) that can act as a source of carbon
Atmosphere
Coal
Limestone (calcium carbonate)
Oil of natural gas
36
Diatoms carry out- and decomposers carry out -
Photosynthesis, respiration
37
Photosynthesis equation
Respiration equation
6CO2+6H2O+Sunlight->C6H12O6+6O2
Respiration-reverse that
38
What effect does human activity have on the amount of carbon stored in sinks
Reducing fossil fuels, increasing CO2 in atmosphere
39
Describe 2 global effects arising from reducing fossil fuels
Increasing CO2 in atmosphere and increase pollution
40
