T2 L2 Defining the reproductive tracts

Question 1

What is the function of the reproductive organs?

Answer 1

Production, storage and delivery of germ cells

Sustains and supports a developing foetus / embryo in females

Question 2

Where are the gonads located in females?

Answer 2

Housed in the lateral wall of the pelvis, inferior to the pelvic inlet

Question 3

What is the function of the gonads in females?

Answer 3

Egg production

Hormone secretion

Question 4

What is the blood supply / drainage to the female gonads?

Answer 4

Gonadal arteries and veins

Question 5

What nerves supply the female gonads?

Answer 5

Ovarian plexus

Question 6

What is contained in the ovarian cortex?

Answer 6

Ovarian follicles
Smooth muscle 
Corpus lutem
Theca cells
Granulosa cells

Question 7

What is contained in the ovarian follicles?

Answer 7

Germ cells which become ova

Question 8

What is function of corpus luteum cells?

Answer 8

Secrete progesterone

Question 9

What is the function of theca cells?

Answer 9

Secrete androgens

Question 10

What is the function of granulosa cells?

Answer 10

Convert androgens to oestrogen

Question 11

What is contained in the ovarian medulla?

Answer 11

Blood / lymph vessels and nerves

Question 12

What makes up the internal ducts in females?

Answer 12

Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
(Broad ligament)

Question 13

What is the Fallopian tube?

Answer 13

Thin 8-10cm long tube

Passageway from ovaries to uterus

Question 14

Describe the structure of the fallopian tube

Answer 14

Finger-like projections (fimbriae) which capture the released ovum
3 areas:
-infundibulum
-ampulla
-isthmus

Question 15

What is the function of the Fallopian tubes?

Answer 15

Inner wall contains cilia which propel ovum

Site of fertilisation

Question 16

Describe the VAN of the fallopian tubes

Answer 16

Branches from uterine and ovarian arteries and veins
Sympathetic innervation from ovarian nerve
Parasympathetic innervation from pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 17

Describe the body of the uterus

Answer 17

Upper 2/3

Cone-shaped

Question 18

What forms the lower 1/3 of the uterus?

Answer 18

Cervix

Question 19

Describe the cervix

Answer 19

Cylindrical
Thick muscular layer to support the developing foetus
Lumen has a circular canal
Constricted opening at both ends

Question 20

Describe the wall of the uterus

Answer 20

Perimetrium - outer serous wall covering the uterus
Myometrium - thick muscular layer that is responsible for the process of parturition
Endometrium - inner mucous layer. Site of implantation

Question 21

What is the innervation to the uterus?

Answer 21

Sympathetic from hypogastric plexus along the uterine artery
Parasympathetic via pelvic splanchnic nerves
Touch and pain is via somatic afferents to S2-4

Question 22

Describe the vagina

Answer 22

Musculomembranous tube
7-9cm long
Links cervix with vulva (vestibule)

Question 23

What is the function of the vagina?

Answer 23

Canal for menstruation
Receives penis during copulation
Forms part of birth canal

Question 24

What is the broad ligament?

Answer 24

Flat sheet of peritoneum

Extends from lateral pelvic walls on both sides and folds over internal female genitalia

Question 25

What makes up the external genitalia in females?

Answer 25

Mons pubis Labis minora and majora Clitoris Vestibular glands (Bartholin glands)

Question 26

What is the function of the labia?

Answer 26

Copulatory organ

Question 27

What is the function of the clitoris?

Answer 27

Arousal (erectile tissue)

Question 28

What is the function of the Bartholin glands?

Answer 28

Lubrication of vestibule

Question 29

What is the blood supply and drainage to the external genitalia in females?

Answer 29

Pudendal artery and vein

Question 30

What innervates the external genitalia in females?

Answer 30

Branches of genitofemoral and pudendal nerve

Question 31

What is contained in the testis?

Answer 31

250-300 lobules, each with 4 seminiferous tubules -spermatogenic -sertoli Leidig cells

Question 32

What ducts are in the testis?

Answer 32

``` Seminiferous tubules Rete testis Efferent ductules Epididymis Vas deferens ```

Question 33

Where are the male gonads located?

Answer 33

In the scrotum

Question 34

What is the function of the male gonads?

Answer 34

Sperm production | Hormone secretion

Question 35

What is the blood supply to the male gonads?

Answer 35

Gonadal arteries and veins

Question 36

What is the nervous supply to the male gonads?

Answer 36

Spermatic plexus

Question 37

What is contained in the spermatic cord?

Answer 37

Vas deferens Blood and lymphatic vessels Cremaster muscle Nerves such as branches of the genitofemoral

Question 38

What arteries and veins supply the internal ducts in males?

Answer 38

Inferior vesical artery and vein | Middle rectal artery and vein

Question 39

What is the nerve supply to the internal ducts in males?

Answer 39

Sympathetic innervation from splanchnic and hypogastric plexus Parasympathetic from pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 40

Describe the seminal vesicles in the accessory glands in males

Answer 40

5cm elongated organ Inferior to rectovesical pouch Secretes alkaline fluid, fructose and coagulate

Question 41

Describe the prostate gland

Answer 41

Blunt, inverted cone 3 x 4cm Located at base of bladder Secretes prostatic fluid

Question 42

Describe the bulbourethral glands

Answer 42

Known as Cowpers glands Pea-sized glands Located inferior to prostate Secretion assists lubrication of ducts

Question 43

What is the blood supply to the accessory glands in males?

Answer 43

Inferior vesicle and prostatic vessels (internal iliac artery)

Question 44

Describe the urethra in males

Answer 44

Leads into prostatic urethra | Becomes membranous then penile / spongy urethra

Question 45

Describe the penis

Answer 45

Organ of copulation and urination Root, body and glands 3 cylindrical bodies

Question 46

What is the VAN to the penis?

Answer 46

Dorsal and deep arteries (internal pudendal) Dorsal veins Dorsal nerve of penis (pudendal)

Question 47

Describe the scrotum

Answer 47

Houses testis in cooler environment Smooth (dartos) muscle assists in regulating temperature Scrotal vessels (pudendal) Genitofemoral nerve