T2 L21 Children with renal abnormalities Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the different types of lesions?
Congenital Infective Tumours Inflammatory Traumatic Others e.g. autoimmune
Where does kidney development start from?
Metanephros
Where is the metanephros located?
Towards caudal end of developing foetus
What stimulates kidney development?
Development of ureteric bud
Where does ureteric bud develop from?
Region of hindgut which becomes part of the bladder
Why do dysplastic kidneys occur?
Ureteric bud has probably not stimulated correct bit of tissue in metanephros
What is a duplex kidney?
Has 2 ureters
What is a complex duplex kidney?
2 ureters go to the bladder
What is Mayer-Rokitansky syndrome?
Abnormalities of vagina (agenesis), uterus, fallopian tubes which is commonly associated with an absent kidney
What are horseshoe kidneys?
Kidneys fuse together at their lower pole and won’t ascend further than mesenteric artery
What is pyuria?
Presence of pus in urine
What can happen if a UTI goes untreated?
It can result in pyonephrosis which can destroy the kidney
What is vesicoureteral reflux?
Urine flows backwards into ureters and can travel as far as the kidneys
Describe a VUR grade I
Minor reflux
Urine only goes slightly up the ureter and not to the kidney
Ureter isn’t dilated
Describe a VUR grade V
Major reflux
Urine pools up to the kidney
Ureter is very dilated
What is the management of a VUR?
Mostly non-operative
Many will stop refluxing after 5 years
Uro-prophylaxis
Good follow up
What is mega-ureter?
Dilated ureter
May be associated with other problems like duplex systems
Associated ureterocoele
What are posterior urethral valves?
Obstructing membrane in posterior male urethra
Describe a buried penis
Penis is of normal size but is hidden under skin of abdomen, thigh or scrotum
Will resolve at puberty when penis grows
Describe a hypospadias
Meatus is in the wrong place
Foreskin is often not completely formed on its underside
What is ureterocele?
Swelling of ureter as it enters the bladder
Why does an inguinal hernia and hydrocele occur?
Arises from failure of processes vaginalis to obliterate completely
Describe the incidence of undescended testes
3.4% newborn boys
20% greater incidence in preterm
What is the Fowler-Stephens technique?
Ligation of main testicular vessels in situ in abdomen
