T4 respiration Flashcards
what is aerobic respiration
exothermic reaction in which glucose reacts with oxygen to release energy which can be used by cells
equations for aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water (+energy)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + 6H2O (+energy)
where does aerobic respiration take place
mitochondria
why do organisms require the energy released by respiration
synthesis of larger molecules
muscle contraction
maintenance of body temperature
active transport
what is anaerobic respiration
exothermic reaction in which glucose is broken down to release energy in the absence of oxygen
equation for anaerobic respiration
glucose > lactic acid (+energy)
why is anaerobic respiration less efficient than aerobic respiration
glucose is not completely broken down, so less energy is transferred
why can anaerobic respiration lead to muscle fatigue
lactic acid builds up in muscles, preventing efficient contraction
what is an oxygen debt
amount of oxygen needed to convert lactic acid back into glucose after anaerobic respiration
what is fermentation
type of anaerobic respiration that occurs in yeast cells
equation for fermentation
glucose > ethanol + carbon dioxide (+energy)
why is the fermentation reaction important
used in the production of bread and alcoholic drinks
differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
aerobic requires oxygen
aerobic produces CO2 and water, anaerobic produces lactic acid
aerobic transfers a greater amount of energy
how do muscles store glucose
as glycogen
what changes take place when muscular activity increases in the body
HR increases and arteries dilate - increases flow of oxygenated blood to muscles
BR increases and breathing is deeper - increases the rate of gaseous exchange
stored glycogen is converted back into glucose
