TAFE DOWNGRADAZ

Question 1

what are the 7 major nutrient groups

Answer 1

water
carbohydrates
fats
proteins
vitamins 
minerals and trace elements
fibre

Question 2

define nutrition

Answer 2

food which supports life in a living being

Question 3

what are carbs function?

Answer 3

provides energy and can be converted into fat

Question 4

what is proteins function?

Answer 4

building blocks for the body

involved in growth maintenance and reproduction

can be metabolised to provide energy

Question 5

what is fats function?

Answer 5

fats provide energy and store excess energy

fats help produce body heat and carry fat soluble vitamins in the body

Question 6

what are the functions of vitamins?

Answer 6

organic substances needed in the diet

essential for normal body functions such as digestion, cell metabolism, growth and reproduction

fat soluble or water soluble

Question 7

what letters represent vitamins?

Answer 7

A D E K Bgroup and C

Question 8

what does vitamin c provide?

Answer 8

keeps epithelial tissues healthy

acts as an antioxidant

Question 9

what animals cant manufacture vitamin c

Answer 9

primates and Guinea pigs

Question 10

if guinee pigs or any animal doesnt get enough vitamin c what can it cause ?

Answer 10

scurvy

Question 11

what are scurvys symptoms ?

Answer 11

lethargy, weakness, lack of movement, rough coat, poor skin condition.

Question 12

what do minerals and trace elements provide?

Answer 12

MATERIAL FOR GROWTH OF BONES, TEETH AND TISSUE AND ALSO HELP REGULATE MANY OF THE BODYS CHEMICAL PROCESSES.

Question 13

what is the difference between macro minerals and micro minerals?

Answer 13

macro minerals required in small but significant amounts

micro minerals required in very small amounts

Question 14

what supplements can be given to guinie pigs for vitamin c?

Answer 14

kale, citrus, powder medicated water

Question 15

fibre function?

Answer 15

Portion of ingested foodstuffs that cannot be broken down by enzymes or microbes
Passes through the intestine and colon undigested

helps maintain healthy digestive system

Question 16

what is digestions process?

Answer 16

process where fats, proteins and carbs are broken down into amino acids, sugars or fatty acids. these along with vitamins and minerals are absorbed through the small intestine and transported to the tissues where they are used for growth energy maintenance and repair.

Question 17

saliva function?

Answer 17

lubrication for food to travel down into the oesophagus an facilitate with swallowing

Question 18

oesophagus function

Answer 18

transports food towards the stomach in a wave like motion called peristalsis

Question 19

stomach function

Answer 19

acid filled sac that stores and breaks down large volumes of food. the acid breaks up proteins, carbs and fats. the partially digested food then enters the duodenum the first section of the small intestine

Question 20

small intestine (SI) function

Answer 20

nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream via the SI. it then assists with further breakdown of proteins, carbs and fats.

Question 21

large intestine

Answer 21

Primary function is to absorb water from faeces. it connects the small intestine to the anus and excretes waste material as faecal matter.

Question 22

what are carnivores what do they eat?

Answer 22

carnivors are organisms that only eat other animals

diet consists of mainly meat

sharp pointed teeth for cutting and tearing

most digestion takes place in the simple stomach (mono gastric) and small intestine

(examples cats, wolves, ferrets)

Question 23

what do herbivores eat?

Answer 23

an organism that eats only plants

Question 24

what are the two types of herbivore fermenters

Answer 24

reminany/foregut fermenter or hindgut fermenter

Question 25

what are the examples of animals who are ruminants / foregut fermenters

Answer 25

cattle sheep goats

Question 26

what animals are hindgut fermenters?

Answer 26

horses, koalas, guinae pigs, rabbits

Question 27

what is eructation?

Answer 27

practised by ruminants

bringing up of cud to be rechewed and redigested to increase nutrient extraction

Question 28

what is coprophagy?

Answer 28

practised by rats, Guinea pigs and rabbits

passage of special faeces which are re eaten to increase nutrient extraction.

Question 29

what to omnivores eat?

Answer 29

an animal that uses a variety of animal and plant material in its diet

teeth are a hybrid of herbivore and carnivore

Question 30

why should rabbits not eat iceberg lettuce?

Answer 30

because it has too much water and can cause diarrhoea

Question 31

what special feaces do rabbits produce at night?

Answer 31

cecotropes which are small and soft with a mucous layer and are eaten directly from the anus.

Question 32

rabbit foods

Answer 32

pellets - nutritionally balanced and palatable can cause obesity long term

hay - helps to prevent hairballs and promotes dental health

vegetables - broccoli, carrot tops, bok bhoy

Question 33

mice and rats food

Answer 33

omnivores

predominantly fed ad lib (supplied continuously with food and water)

pellets, meal, gel and liquid

Question 34

what are the types of bird feeders ?

and give an example of a bird

Answer 34

frugivores - fruit eaters (fruit pigeon)

nectivores - nectar eaters (lorikeets)

granivorous - grain eaters (budgies)

insectivores - insect eaters (wrens, willie wag tails)

carnivores - meat eaters (eagles, cookaburras)

omnivores - mixed eaters (ravens)

Question 35

feeding tortoises

Answer 35

provide well balanced commercial frozen cube, meal worms, earth worms

require access to aquarium plants or lettuce daily

need vitamin d from sunlight

Question 36

when should animals have water supply

Answer 36

all animals should have access to a fresh supply of water 24/7