Task 7 Flashcards
(40 cards)
Why were emotions initially ignored in AI research?
Early AI research followed a Stoic perspective, treating emotions as irrational and counterproductive to intelligence.
What changed the view on emotions in AI?
Appraisal theories showed that emotions guide adaptive responses.
Neurological studies found that emotional impairments lead to poor decision-making.
Social research revealed that emotions facilitate communication and coordination.
How are emotions useful in AI and robotics?
Prioritizing cognitive resources (focusing on urgent issues).
Enhancing human-computer interaction (trust, rapport).
Improving decision-making (emotion-based heuristics).
What are the three main theories of emotion?
Discrete Theories – Fixed basic emotions (e.g., anger, joy, fear) that are universal.
Dimensional Theories – Emotions are a continuous space (e.g., PAD model: Pleasure, Arousal, Dominance).
Appraisal Theories – Emotions arise from evaluating person-environment relationships.
Why are appraisal theories widely used in AI?
They map well onto AI decision models, such as belief-desire-intention (BDI) architectures.
What is a criticism of appraisal theories?
They assume slow, deliberate evaluation, while many emotions occur rapidly and automatically.
What is EMA?
A computational model of emotion that integrates:
Causal Interpretation – Tracks agent-environment relationships. Appraisal Component – Evaluates relevance, desirability, likelihood, and controllability of events. Emotion Derivation – Determines emotional responses. Coping Strategies – Adjusts beliefs, desires, or attention to regulate emotions.
How does EMA model coping strategies?
Attention-based coping – Redirecting focus (e.g., ignoring distractions).
Belief-based coping – Changing interpretations (e.g., blaming others).
Desire-based coping – Adjusting goals (e.g., deciding success is unimportant).
Intention-based coping – Taking action (e.g., studying harder after failing an exam).
What are the benefits of AI expressing emotions?
Enhances trust and cooperation in human-machine interaction.
Improves user engagement (e.g., virtual assistants).
Facilitates teamwork in multi-agent systems.
Aids in education, therapy, and elderly care.
Do AI emotions need to be real?
No—expressions alone can influence user perception and social interaction, regardless of internal experience.
What is reverse appraisal in AI?
Inferring an agent’s goals and future actions based on its emotional expressions.
How do people react to AI emotions?
People tend to treat machines socially (e.g., politeness, gender biases).
Machines that mirror human emotions increase rapport.
AI avatars that resemble users improve persuasion and compliance.
What is the uncanny valley effect in emotional AI?
AI that is almost human-like but slightly unnatural disturbs users rather than creating trust.
How do brain responses differ when interacting with humans vs. AI?
People show lower emotional activation and less guilt when exploiting AI compared to humans.
What is joint attention, and why is it important?
When two individuals focus on the same object or event, facilitating communication and learning.
Can robots induce joint attention?
Yes—embodied robots (not just 2D screens) can elicit joint attention responses from humans.
What is the bystander effect in human-robot interaction?
People feel less personal responsibility in a task when interacting with a robot rather than alone.
What is affective computing?
The study of how to detect, interpret, and simulate human emotions in machines.
What are the two main goals of computational emotion modeling?
Understanding human emotion through simulation.
Enhancing AI decision-making with emotional intelligence.
Why is standardizing AI emotion models difficult?
Psychology lacks a unified theory of emotion, making implementation inconsistent.
What are the three main AI architectures used for modeling emotions?
Classical Cognitive Architectures (e.g., ACT-R, SOAR).
Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) Architectures (e.g., FAtiMA).
Affective Agent Architectures (e.g., MAMID).
How does SOAR model emotions?
By incorporating appraisal processes as production rules that shape decision-making.
How does FAtiMA Modular simulate emotions?
Uses a BDI-based reasoning process.
Generates prospect-based emotions (hope, fear) based on agent goals.
Incorporates coping strategies to manage emotions dynamically.
How does MAMID model emotions differently?
It allows trait-based personality differences in emotional reactions (e.g., anxious vs. non-anxious responses).
